ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of K2O on the catalytic performance of Ni catalysts supported on nanocrystalline Al2O3 in CO2 reforming of methane
CO2 reforming of methane (CRM) over unpromoted and potassium promoted Ni/Al2O3 catalysts was studied. The catalysts were prepared by impregnation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption (BET), temperature programmed reduction (TPR), temperature programmed oxidation (TPO) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques. The obtained results showed that addition of K2O to the Ni/Al2O3 catalyst increased surface area. Also addition of K2O to this catalyst increased activity and decreased the amount of deposited carbon due to enhance the basic properties of the catalysts and CO2 adsorption and prevent the Boudouard reaction. In addition, effect of Ni and potassium loadings were investigated in Ni/K2O-Al2O3 catalysts. It was observed that by increasing nickel content, the specific surface area decreased, but catalytic activity and coke formation increased. Also, catalytic tests showed that just a moderate amount of K could improve catalytic activity and decrease coke formation of Ni/K2O-Al2O3 catalyst in dry reforming of methane.
https://hfe.irost.ir/article_264_73d07272d53d42a91e7a7a233602f53f.pdf
2016-05-01
215
226
10.22104/ijhfc.2016.264
Nickel catalyst
promoters
potassium
CO2 reforming
zahra
alipour
alipur20@gmail.com
1
Catalyst and Advanced Materials Research Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
AUTHOR
fereshteh
meshkani
meshkani.fereshteh@yahoo.com
2
Catalyst and Advanced Materials Research Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehran
Rezaei
rezaei@kashanu.ac.ir
3
Catalyst and Advanced Materials Research Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. San José-Alonso D., Illán-Gómez M.J., Román-Martínez M.C., "K and Sr promoted Co alumina supported catalysts for the CO2 reforming of methane", Catal. Today, 2011, 176: 187.
1
2. Alipour Z., Rezaei M., Meshkani F., "Effect of alkaline earth promoters (MgO, CaO, and BaO) on the activity and coke formation of Ni catalysts supported on nanocrystalline Al2O3 in dry reforming of methane", J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 2014, 20: 2858.
2
3. Seo H.O., Sim J.K., Kim K.D., Kim Y.D., Lim D.C., Kim S.H., "Carbon dioxide reforming of methane to synthesis gas over a TiO2–Ni inverse catalyst", Appl. Catal. A. Gen., 2013, 451: 43.
3
4. Newnham J., Mantri K., Amin M.H., Tardio J., Bhargava S.K., "Highly stable and active Ni-mesoporous alumina catalysts for dry reforming of methane", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2012, 37: 1454.
4
5. Xu L., Song H., Chou L., "Carbon dioxide reforming of methane over ordered mesoporous NiO–MgO–Al2O3 composite oxides", Appl. Cata.l B Environ.,2011, 108-109: 177. 6. Arandiyan H., Li J., Ma L., Hashemnejad S.M., Mirzaei M.Z., Chen J., Chang H., Liu C., Wang C., Chen L., "Methane reforming to syngas over LaNixFe1−xO3 (0≤x≤1) mixed-oxide perovskites in the presence of CO2and O2", J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 2012, 18: 2103.
5
7. Meshkani F., Rezaei M., "Nickel catalyst supported on magnesium oxide with high surface area and plate-like shape: A highly stable and active catalyst in methane reforming with carbon dioxide", Catal.Commun, 2011, 12: 1046.
6
8. Hadian N., Rezaei M., Mosayebi Z., Meshkani F., "CO2 reforming of methane over nickel catalysts supported on nanocrystalline MgAl2O4 with high surface area", J. Nat. Gas. Chem., 2012, 21: 200.
7
9. Alipour Z., Rezaei M., Meshkani F., "Effects of support modifiers on the catalytic performance of Ni/Al2O3 catalyst in CO2 reforming of methane", Fuel, 2014, 129: 197.
8
10. Zanganeh R., Rezaei M., Zamaniyan A., "Dry reforming of methane to synthesis gas on NiO-MgO nanocrystalline solid solution catalysts", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy., 2013, 38: 3012.
9
11. Arandiyan H., Peng Y., Liu C., Chang H., Li J., "Effects of noble metals doped on mesoporous LaAlNi mixed oxide catalyst and identification of carbon deposit for reforming CH4 with CO2", Technol. Biotechnol., 2013, 89: 372.
10
12. Luo J., Yu Z., Ng C., Au C., "CO2/CH4 Reforming over Ni–La2O3/5A: An Investigation on Carbon Deposition and Reaction Steps", J. Catal., 2000, 194: 198-210.
11
13. Wang S., Lu G., "A Comprehensive Study on Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane over Ni/γ -Al2O3 Catalysts", Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 1999, 38: 2615.
12
14. Asencios Y., Assaf E., "Combination of dry reforming and partial oxidation of methane on NiO–MgO–ZrO2 catalyst: Effect of nickel content", Fuel Process. Technol., 2013, 106: 247.
13
15. Hou Z., Yokota O., Tanaka T., Yashima T., "Characterization of Ca-promoted Ni/α-Al2O3 catalyst for CH4 reforming with CO2", Appl. Catal. A. Gen., 2003, 253: 381.
14
16. Yu X., Wang N., Chu W., Liu M., "Carbon dioxide reforming of methane for syngas production over La-promoted NiMgAl catalysts derived from hydrotalcites", Chem. Eng. J., 2012, 209: 623.
15
17. Meshkani F., Rezaei M., "Nanocrystalline MgO supported nickel-based bimetallic catalysts for carbon dioxide reforming of methane", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2010, 35: 10295.
16
18. Juan-Juan J., Román-Martínez M.C., Illán-Gómez M.J., "Effect of potassium content in the activity of K-promoted Ni/Al2O3 catalysts for the dry reforming of methane", Appl. Catal. A. Gen., 2006, 301: 9.
17
19. Zhu J., Peng X., Yao L., Shen J., Tong D., Hu C., "The promoting effect of La, Mg, Co and Zn on the activity and stability of Ni/SiO2 catalyst for CO2 reforming of methane", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2011, 36: 7094.
18
20. Leofanti G., Padovan M., Tozzola G., Venturelli B., "Surface area and pore texture of catalysts", Catal. Today, 1998, 41: 207.
19
21. Sutthiumporn K., Kawi S., "Promotional effect of alkaline earth over Ni-La2O3 catalyst for CO2 reforming of CH4: Role of surface oxygen species on H2 production and carbon suppression", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2011, 36: 14435.
20
22. Roh H.S., Jun K.W., "Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane over Ni Catalysts Supported on Al2O3 Modified with La2O3, MgO, and CaO", Catal. Surv. Asia, 2008, 12: 239.
21
23. García-Diéguez M., Herrera C., Larrubia M.Á., Alemany L.J., "CO2-reforming of natural gas components over a highly stable and selective NiMg/Al2O3 nanocatalyst", Catal. Today, 2012, 197: 50.
22
24. Wang S., Lu G., "Effects of promoters on catalytic activity and carbon deposition of Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalysts in CO2 reforming of CH4", J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 2000, 75: 589.
23
25. Ranjbar A., Rezaei M., "Preparation of nickel catalysts supported on CaO.2Al2O3 for methane reforming with carbon dioxide", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2012, 37: 6356.
24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Sorbitol/Oxidizer Ratio on Microwave Assisted Solution Combustion Synthesis of Copper Based Nanocatalyst for Fuel Cell Grade Hydrogen Production
Steam reforming of methanol is one of the promising processes for on-board hydrogen production used in fuel cell applications. Due to the time and energy consuming issues associated with conventional synthesis methods, in this paper a quick, facile, and effective microwave-assisted solution combustion method was applied for fabrication of copper-based nanocatalysts to convert methanol to hydrogen. For this purpose, a series of nanocatalysts with different sorbitol/nitrates ratios were synthesized by microwave-assisted combustion method. Their physicochemical properties were studied by XRD, FESEM, EDX, BET and FTIR analyses. It was found that enhancement of sorbitol/nitrates ratio led to increase of CuO dispersion and specific surface area, as well as smaller, nanometric and homogeneously dispersed particles. These significant characteristic properties especially achieved by CZA(S/N=3) nanocatalyst, resulted in high methanol conversion and hydrogen selectivity even at low temperatures. This effective performance was accompanied by negligible CO production as undesired by-product as well as poison in fuel cell applications.
https://hfe.irost.ir/article_265_51bdafb7eb2996da3c3bb3290e1efab3.pdf
2015-11-01
227
240
10.22104/ijhfc.2015.265
CuO-ZnO-Al2O3
Microwave Combustion
Fuel/Oxidizer Ratio
Methanol steam reforming
Hydrogen
Hossein
Ajamein
h.ajamein@gmail.com
1
Sahand University of Technology
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Haghighi
haghighi@sut.ac.ir
2
Sahand University of Technology
Reactor and Catalysis Research Center
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. McLarty, D., Brouwer, J., and Ainscough, C., "Economic analysis of fuel cell installations at commercial buildings including regional pricing and complementary technologies", Energy and Buildings, 2016, 113: 112.
1
2. Wu, H.-W., "A review of recent development: Transport and performance modeling of PEM fuel cells", Applied Energy, 2016, 165: 81.
2
3. Kim, J. and Kim, T., "Compact PEM fuel cell system combined with all-in-one hydrogen generator using chemical hydride as a hydrogen source", Applied Energy, 2015, 160: 945.
3
4. Kim, D.H., Kim, S.H., and Byun, J.Y., "A microreactor with metallic catalyst support for hydrogen production by partial oxidation of dimethyl ether", Chemical Engineering Journal, 2015, 280: 468.
4
5. Takeishi, K. and Akaike, Y., "Hydrogen production by dimethyl ether steam reforming over copper alumina catalysts prepared using the sol-gel method", Applied Catalysis A: General, 2016, 510: 20.
5
6. Carvalho, F.L.S., Asencios, Y.J.O., Bellido, J.D.A., and Assaf, E.M., "Bio-ethanol steam reforming for hydrogen production over Co3O4/CeO2 catalysts synthesized by one-step polymerization method", Fuel Processing Technology, 2016, 142: 182.
6
7. Ma, H., Zeng, L., Tian, H., Li, D., Wang, X., Li, X., and Gong, J., "Efficient hydrogen production from ethanol steam reforming over La-modified ordered mesoporous Ni-based catalysts", Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2016, 181: 321.
7
8. Matsumura, Y., "Durable Cu composite catalyst for hydrogen production by high temperature methanol steam reforming", Journal of Power Sources, 2014, 272: 961.
8
9. Mironova, E.Y., Lytkina, A.A., Ermilova, M.M., Efimov, M.N., Zemtsov, L.M., Orekhova, N.V., Karpacheva, G.P., Bondarenko, G.N., Muraviev, D.N., and Yaroslavtsev, A.B., "Ethanol and methanol steam reforming on transition metal catalysts supported on detonation synthesis nanodiamonds for hydrogen production", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2015, 40: 3557.
9
10. Shokrani, R., Haghighi, M., Jodeiri, N., Ajamein, H., and Abdollahifar, M., "Fuel cell grade hydrogen production via methanol steam reforming over CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 nanocatalyst with various oxide ratios synthesized via urea-nitrates combustion method", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2014, 39: 13141.
10
11. Baneshi, J., Haghighi, M., Jodeiri, N., Abdollahifar, M., and Ajamein, H., "Homogeneous precipitation synthesis of CuO-ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3 nanocatalyst used in hydrogen production via methanol steam reforming for fuel cell applications", Energy Conversion and Management, 2014, 87: 928.
11
12. Chen, W.-H. and Lin, B.-J., "Hydrogen production and thermal behavior of methanol autothermal reforming and steam reforming triggered by microwave heating", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2013, 38: 9973.
12
13. Katiyar, N., Kumar, S., and Kumar, S., "Comparative thermodynamic analysis of adsorption, membrane and adsorption-membrane hybrid reactor systems for methanol steam reforming", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2013, 38: 1363.
13
14. Matsumura, Y., "Stabilization of Cu/ZnO/ZrO2 catalyst for methanol steam reforming to hydrogen by coprecipitation on zirconia support", Journal of Power Sources, 2013, 238: 109.
14
15. Zhang, L., Pan, L., Ni, C., Sun, T., Zhao, S., Wang, S., Wang, A., and Hu, Y., "CeO2-ZrO2-promoted CuO/ZnO catalyst for methanol steam reforming", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2013, 38: 4397.
15
16. Das, D., Llorca, J., Dominguez, M., Colussi, S., Trovarelli, A., and Gayen, A., "Methanol steam reforming behavior of copper impregnated over CeO2-ZrO2 derived from a surfactant assisted coprecipitation route", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2015, 40: 10463.
16
17. Zhang, L., Pan, L.-w., Ni, C.-j., Sun, T.-j., Wang, S.-d., Hu, Y.-k., Wang, A.-j., and Zhao, S.-s., "Effects of precipitation aging time on the performance of CuO/ZnO/CeO2-ZrO2 for methanol steam reforming", Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology, 2013, 41: 883.
17
18. Behrens, M., "Coprecipitation: An excellent tool for the synthesis of supported metal catalysts - From the understanding of the well known recipes to new materials", Catalysis Today, 2015, 246: 46.
18
19. Aruna, S.T. and Mukasyan, A.S., "Combustion synthesis and nanomaterials", Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science, 2008, 12: 44.
19
20. Mukasyan, A.S., Rogachev, A.S., and Aruna, S.T., "Combustion synthesis in nanostructured reactive systems", Advanced Powder Technology, 2015, 26: 954.
20
21. González-Cortés, S.L. and Imbert, F.E., "Fundamentals, properties and applications of solid catalysts prepared by solution combustion synthesis (SCS)", Applied Catalysis A: General, 2013, 452: 117.
21
22. Liu, G., Li, J., and Chen, K., "Combustion synthesis of refractory and hard materials: A review", International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 2013, 39: 90.
22
23. Baneshi, J., Haghighi, M., Jodeiri, N., Abdollahifar, M., and Ajamein, H., "Urea-nitrate combustion synthesis of ZrO2 and CeO2 doped CuO/Al2O3 nanocatalyst used in steam reforming of biomethanol for hydrogen production", Ceramics International, 2014, 40: 14177.
23
24. Srinatha, N., Dinesh Kumar, V., Nair, K.G.M., and Angadi, B., "The effect of fuel and fuel-oxidizer combinations on ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by solution combustion technique", Advanced Powder Technology, 2015, 26: 1355.
24
25. Tarragó, D.P., Malfatti, C.d.F., and de Sousa, V.C., "Influence of fuel on morphology of LSM powders obtained by solution combustion synthesis", Powder Technology, 2015, 269: 481.
25
26. Esmaeili, E., Khodadadi, A., and Mortazavi, Y., "Microwave-induced combustion process variables for MgO nanoparticle synthesis using polyethylene glycol and sorbitol", Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2009, 29: 1061.
26
27. Gao, Y., Meng, F., Ji, K., Song, Y., and Li, Z., "Slurry phase methanation of carbon monoxide over nanosized Ni-Al2O3 catalysts prepared by microwave-assisted solution combustion", Applied Catalysis A: General, 2016, 510: 74.
27
28. Li, F.-t., Zhao, Y., Liu, Y., Hao, Y.-j., Liu, R.-h., and Zhao, D.-s., "Solution combustion synthesis and visible light-induced photocatalytic activity of mixed amorphous and crystalline MgAl2O4 nanopowders", Chemical Engineering Journal, 2011, 173: 750.
28
29. Nassar, M.Y., Ahmed, I.S., and Samir, I., "A novel synthetic route for magnesium aluminate (MgAl2O4) nanoparticles using sol-gel auto combustion method and their photocatalytic properties", Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2014, 131: 329.
29
30. Ruiz-Gómez, M.A., Gómez-Solís, C., Zarazúa-Morín, M.E., Torres-Martínez, L.M., Juárez-Ramírez, I., Sánchez-Martínez, D., and Figueroa-Torres, M.Z., "Innovative solvo-combustion route for the rapid synthesis of MoO3 and Sm2O3 materials", Ceramics International, 2014, 40: 1893.
30
31. Scherrer, P., "Bestimmung der Grösse und der inneren Struktur von Kolloidteilchen mittels Röntgenstrahlen", Nachrichten von der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Gottingen, 1918, 26: 98.
31
32. Allahyari, S., Haghighi, M., Ebadi, A., and Qavam Saeedi, H., "Direct synthesis of dimethyl ether as a green fuel from syngas over nanostructured CuO-ZnO-Al2O3/HZSM-5 catalyst: Influence of irradiation time on nanocatalyst properties and catalytic performance", Journal of Power Sources, 2014, 272: 929.
32
33. Allahyari, S., Haghighi, M., and Ebadi, A., "Direct synthesis of DME over nanostructured CuO-ZnO-Al2O3/HZSM-5 catalyst washcoated on high pressure microreactor: Effect of catalyst loading and process condition on reactor performance", Chemical Engineering Journal, 2015, 262: 1175.
33
34. Abramoff, M.D., Magalhaes, P.J., and Ram, S.J., "Image Processing with ImageJ", Biophotonics International, 2004, 11: 36−42.
34
35. Estifaee, P., Haghighi, M., Mohammadi, N., and Rahmani, F., "CO oxidation over sonochemically synthesized Pd-Cu/Al2O3 nanocatalyst used in hydrogen purification: Effect of Pd loading and ultrasound irradiation time", Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 2014, 21: 1155.
35
36. Khoshbin, R., Haghighi, M., and Asgari, N., "Direct synthesis of dimethyl ether on the admixed nanocatalystsof CuO-ZnO-Al2O3 and HNO3-modified clinoptilolite at high pressures: Surface properties and catalytic performance", Materials Research Bulletin, 2013, 48: 767.
36
37. Allahyari, S., Haghighi, M., Ebadi, A., and Hosseinzadeh, S., "Effect of irradiation power and time on ultrasound assisted co-precipitation of nanostructured CuO-ZnO-Al2O3 over HZSM-5 used for direct conversion of syngas to DME as a green fuel", Energy Conversion and Management, 2014, 83: 212.
37
38. Allahyari, S., Haghighi, M., and Ebadi, A., "Direct conversion of syngas to DME as a green fuel in a high pressure microreactor: Influence of slurry solid content on characteristics and reactivity of washcoated CuO-ZnO-Al2O3/HZSM-5 nanocatalyst", Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, 2014, 86: 53.
38
39. Charghand, M., Haghighi, M., and Aghamohammadi, S., "The Beneficial Use of Ultrasound in Synthesis of Nanostructured Ce-Doped SAPO-34 Used in Methanol Conversion to Light Olefins", Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 2014, 21: 1827.
39
40. Sajjadi, S.M., Haghighi, M., and Rahmani, F., "Dry Reforming of Greenhouse Gases CH4/CO2 over MgO-Promoted Ni-Co/Al2O3-ZrO2 Nanocatalyst: Effect of MgO Addition via Sol-Gel Method on Catalytic Properties and Hydrogen Yield", J Sol-Gel Sci Technol, 2014, 70: 111.
40
41. Khoshbin, R. and Haghighi, M., "Urea-Nitrate Combustion Synthesis and Physicochemical Characterization of CuO-ZnO-Al2O3 Nanoparticles over HZSM-5", Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2012, 28: 1967.
41
42. Aghaei, E. and Haghighi, M., "Effect of Crystallization Time on Properties and Catalytic Performance of Nanostructured SAPO-34 Molecular Sieve Synthesized at High Temperatures for Conversion of Methanol to Light Olefins", Powder Technology, 2015, 269: 358.
42
43. Asgari, N., Haghighi, M., and Shafiei, S., "Synthesis and Physicochemical Characterization of Nanostructured CeO2/Clinoptilolite for Catalytic Total Oxidation of Xylene at Low Temperature", Environmental Progress and Sustainable Energy, 2013, 32: 587.
43
44. Saedy, S., Haghighi, M., and Amirkhosrow, M., "Hydrothermal synthesis and physicochemical characterization of CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 nanopowder. Part I: Effect of crystallization time", Particuology, 2012, 10: 729.
44
45. Rahmani, F., Haghighi, M., Vafaeian, Y., and Estifaee, P., "Hydrogen Production via CO2 Reforming of Methane over ZrO2-Doped Ni/ZSM-5 Nanostructured Catalyst Prepared by Ultrasound Assisted Sequential Impregnation Method", Journal of Power Sources, 2014, 272: 816.
45
46. Sharifi, M., Haghighi, M., and Abdollahifar, M., "Hydrogen Production via Reforming of Biogas over Nanostructured Ni/Y Catalyst: Effect of Ultrasound Irradiation and Ni-Content on Catalyst Properties and Performance", Materials Research Bulletin, 2014, 60: 328.
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47. Wang, C., Liu, C., Fu, W., Bao, Z., Zhang, J., Ding, W., Chou, K., and Li, Q., "The water-gas shift reaction for hydrogen production from coke oven gas over Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst", Catalysis Today, 2016, 263: 46.
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48. Wilkinson, S.K., van de Water, L.G.A., Miller, B., Simmons, M.J.H., Stitt, E.H., and Watson, M.J., "Understanding the generation of methanol synthesis and water gas shift activity over copper-based catalysts – A spatially resolved experimental kinetic study using steady and non-steady state operation under CO/CO2/H2 feeds", Journal of Catalysis, 2016, 337: 208.
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49. Lin, S., Johnson, R.S., Smith, G.K., Xie, D., and Guo, H., "Pathways for methanol steam reforming involving adsorbed formaldehyde and hydroxyl intermediates on Cu (111): density functional theory studies", Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2011, 13: 9622.
49
50. Karelovic, A. and Ruiz, P., "The role of copper particle size in low pressure methanol synthesis via CO2 hydrogenation over Cu/ZnO catalysts", Catalysis Science & Technology, 2015, 5: 869.
50
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
New Mathematical Modelling and Dynamic Simulation of a Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell
In this study, a more accurate model of fuel cell of molten carbonate was also used that was determined input and output control variables and investigated the behavior of the system with respect to those variables. A more complete kinetic is also implemented for increasing the effectiveness of the presented paper. The input variables include fuel flow rate of cell which is methane and cell voltage. The output of the model is the flow resulting from the cell that is function of electrochemical reaction rate and accordingly, function of state variables quantities. In the following, the model in every input under change of step was simulated and analyzed dynamic behavior of cell. This indicates that as fuel flow rate into the cell is less, the productivity of fuel gets higher. Also, in the analysis of fuel cell, it has seen that temperature of molten carbonate depends strongly on the amount of combustion of compositions in the combustion chamber. As inlet concentration of methane, hydrogen and carbon monoxide is more, the heat liberated from combustion is more and system temperature gets high which results in increasing of thermal stress in molten carbonate fuel cell.
https://hfe.irost.ir/article_268_084961e509526062ac06f0e5823f3b0f.pdf
2015-11-01
241
252
10.22104/ijhfc.2015.268
fuel cell
Molten Carbonate
Mathematics Modeling
Dynamics Simulation
State Variables
Hamid
Amedi
amedi.hamidreza@gmail.com
1
Department of Gas Engineering, Petroleum University of Technology (PUT), Ahvaz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Alireza
Golzari
alireza.glz@gmail.com
2
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Avenue
AUTHOR
Abolfazl
Jomekian
abolfazl.jomekian@gmail.com
3
Department of Gas Engineering, Petroleum University of Technology (PUT), Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Bahamin
Bazooyar
bazooyar.bb@gmail.com
4
Department of Gas Engineering, Petroleum University of Technology (PUT), Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
mahmoud
Pishvaie
pishvaie@sharif.edu
5
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Avenue
AUTHOR
[1] Vielstich W, Lamm A, Gasteiger HA."Handbook of fuel cells: fundamentals, technology, and applications": John Wiley & Sons; 2009.
1
[2] Handbook FC."EG&G technical services", Inc, Albuquerque, NM, DOE/NETL-2004/1206, 2004.
2
[3] Hirschenhofer J, Stauffer D, Engleman R. Fuel cells: a handbook (Revision 3). Gilbert/Commonwealth, Inc., Reading, PA (United States); 1994.
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[4] Amedi HR, Bazooyar B, Pishvaie MR."Control of anode supported SOFCs (solid oxide fuel cells): Part I. mathematical modeling and state estimation within one cell", Energy, 2015, 90:605.
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[5] Hill R, Scott S, Butler D, Sit SP, Burt D, Narayanan R, et al.,"Application of molten carbonate fuel cell for CO 2 capture in thermal in situ oil sands facilities", International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 2015, 41:276.
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[6] Lukas MD, Lee KY, Ghezel-Ayagh H."An explicit dynamic model for direct reforming carbonate fuel cell stack", Energy Conversion, IEEE Transactions on, 2001, 16:289.
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[7] Ding J, Patel S, Farooque M, Maru H. A computer model for direct carbonate fuel cells. Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Carbonate Fuel Cell Technology: The Electrochemical Society; 1997. p. 127.
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[8] Koh JH, Kang BS, Lim HC."Analysis of temperature and pressure fields in molten carbonate fuel cell stacks", AIChE Journal, 2001, 47:1941.
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[9] Heidebrecht P, Sundmacher K."Molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) with internal reforming: model-based analysis of cell dynamics", Chemical Engineering Science, 2003, 58:1029.
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[10] Heidebrecht P, Sundmacher K."Dynamic modeling and simulation of a countercurrent molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) with internal reforming", Fuel Cells, 2002, 2:166.
10
[11] Heidebrecht P, Sundmacher K."Dynamic model of a cross-flow molten carbonate fuel cell with direct internal reforming", Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2005, 152:A2217.
11
[12] Heidebrecht P, Sundmacher K."Optimization of reforming catalyst distribution in a cross-flow molten carbonate fuel cell with direct internal reforming", Industrial & engineering chemistry research, 2005, 44:3522.
12
[13] Chudej K, Bauer M, Pesch H, Schittkowski K."Numerical simulation of a molten carbonate fuel cell by partial differential algebraic equations" From Nano to Space: Springer; 2008. p. 57.
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[14] Kim YJ, Chang IG, Lee TW, Chung MK."Effects of relative gas flow direction in the anode and cathode on the performance characteristics of a Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell", Fuel, 2010, 89:1019.
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[15] Lee C-G. Temperature Effect on the Cell Life of Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell. 229th ECS Meeting (May 29-June 2, 2016): Ecs; 2016.
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[16] Lee C-G. Effect of Electrolyte Amount on the Performance in a Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell. 229th ECS Meeting (May 29-June 2, 2016): Ecs; 2016.
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[17] Law M, Liang G, Lee V, Wee S. Temperature and voltage responses of a molten carbonate fuel cell in the presence of a hydrogen fuel leakage. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering: IOP Publishing; 2015. p. 012022.
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[18] Brouwer J, Jabbari F, Leal EM, Orr T."Analysis of a molten carbonate fuel cell: Numerical modeling and experimental validation", Journal of Power Sources, 2006, 158:213.
18
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Application of Pd-Substituted Ni-Al Layered Double Hydroxides for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Clean production of hydrogen from electrochemical water splitting has been known as a green method of fuel production. In this work, electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) was investigated at new prepared layered double hydroxides (LDH) in acidic solution. NiAl/carbon black (CB) LDH was monitored using x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The substitution of nickel ions with palladium ones was recorded using Energy dispersive X–ray spectroscopy (EDX) .Moreover, the NiAl-LDH/CB and palladium substituted LDH were examined for the HER at different times of substitution. The modified NiAl-LDH/CB/Pd/GCE represented low overpotential of -0.55 V vs Ag/AgCl, Tafel slope of 125 mV/dec, charge transfer coefficient of 0.47, exchange current of 2.56 µA, as well as excellent long-term stability. Moreover, the substitution effect of palladium ions on the modification of prepared LDH GCE was satisfactorily studied for the HER in 0.5 mol L-1 H2SO4 using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
https://hfe.irost.ir/article_284_c63de9a1209d99fd437f2cf64a50edf2.pdf
2015-11-01
253
261
10.22104/ijhfc.2015.284
Hydrogen evolution reaction
Layered double hydroxides
Carbon black
Pd substitution
Ali Reza
Madram
ar.madram@gmail.com
1
Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Malek-Ashtar University of Technology
LEAD_AUTHOR
Navid
Zandi Atashbar
zandinavid@yahoo.com
2
Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Malek-Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran 15875-1774, IRAN
AUTHOR
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[2] Youn DH, Park YB, Kim JY, Magesh G, Jang YJ, Lee JS. One-pot synthesis of NiFe layered double hydroxide/reduced graphene oxide composite as an efficient electrocatalyst for electrochemical and photoelectrochemical water oxidation. J Power Sources 2015;294:437-43.
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[3] Xu D, Rui Y, Li Y, Zhang Q, Wang H. Zn-Co layered double hydroxide modified hematite photoanode forenhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting. Appl Surf Sci 2015 [Article in Press].
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[9] Hasannia S, Yadollahi B. Zn–Al LDH nanostructures pillared by Fe substituted Keggin type polyoxometalate: Synthesis, characterization and catalytic effect in green oxidation of alcohols. Polyhedron 2015;99:260–5.
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[12] Wang S, Li Z, Lu C. Polyethyleneimine as a novel desorbent for anionic organic dyes on layered double hydroxide surface. J Colloid Interf Sci 2015;458:315–22.
12
[13] Seftel EM, Niarchos M, Mitropoulos C, Mertens M, Vansant EF, Cool P. Photocatalytic removal of phenol and methylene-blue in aqueousmedia using TiO2@LDH clay nanocomposites. Catal Today 2015;252:120–7.
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[14] Kim NH, Mishra AK, Kim DY, Lee JH. Synthesis of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)/layered double hydroxide nanocomposite membranes for fuel cell applications. Chem Engin J 2015;272:119–27.
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17
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[24] Moon J-S, Jang J-H, Kim E-G, Chung Y-H, Yoo SJ, Lee Y-K. The nature of active sites of Ni2P electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction. J Catal 2015;326:92-9.
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Lattice Boltzmann modeling of two component gas diffusion in solid oxide fuel cell
In recent years, the need for high efficiency and low emission power generation systems has made much attention to the use of fuel cell technology. The solid oxide fuel cells due to their high operating temperature (800 ℃ -1000 ℃) are suitable for power generation systems.Two-component gas flow (H2 and H2O) in the porous media of solid oxide fuel cell’s anode have been modeled via lattice Boltzmann method; molecular distributions of the components are evaluated and the concentration voltage drop is investigated. The results of voltage drop in different current densities are validated with previous studies. Then the effects of various parameters such as porosity and non-dimensional current density on the gas diffusion of H2 and H2O, and also the concentration voltage drop in the porous anode are evaluated. It is revealed that at a specific non-dimensional current density, reducing porosity causes increasing H2 concentration in anode and concentration voltage loss. To apply the CFD model, a computer program in MATLAB has been used.
https://hfe.irost.ir/article_298_12f2cdee90bfe74bb6f9b0f26dc12ab0.pdf
2015-11-01
263
270
10.22104/ijhfc.2015.298
Gas Flow
Porous Media
Lattice Boltzmann Method
Gas Diffusion
Solid oxide fuel cell
mohammadreza
shahnazari
shahnazari@kntu.ac.ir
1
K.N.toosi university of technology
LEAD_AUTHOR
khavar
fazeli
snzfazeli@gmail.com
2
University of California, Riverside
AUTHOR
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[5] Z. Guo, C. Zheng, and B. Shi, Phys. Rev. E 65, 046308, 2002.
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[6] H. Hayashi, Lattice Boltzmann method end its aplication to flow analysis in porous media, R&D Review of toyota CRDL Vol.38, 2007.
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[7] M. C. Sukop, D. T. Thorne, Lattice Boltzmann modeling An introduction for geoscientists and engineers.
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[8] R. R. Nourgaliev et al., The Lattice Boltzmann Equation Method: Theoretical Interpretation, Numerics and Implications, Center for Risk Studies and Safety, University of California.
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[9] A. S. Joshi, K. N. Grew, A. A. Peracchio, W. K. S. Chiu, Lattice Boltzmann modeling of 2D gas transport in a solid oxide fuel cell anode, J. Power Sources 164 (2007) 631–638.
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[11] R. O'Hayre, S-W. Cha, W. Colella and F. B. Prinz, Fuel cell fundamentals, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2009.
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15
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16
[17] F. Zhao, A.V. Virkar, Dependence of polarization in anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells on various cell parameters, J. Power Sources 141 (2005) 79–95.
17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigation of vessels pressure effect on PEM electrolyzer performance by using a new OneDimensional Dynamic Model
In recent years energy shortage and environmental impacts due to consuming fossil fuels have led to developing renewable energy sources systems. Since these sources are not reliable and are usually time dependent, an energy storing system like hydrogen production is required. In this regard, PEM electrolyzer can be efficiently used to decompose liquid water into hydrogen and oxygen. Because of dynamic nature of renewable sources, dynamic model of PEM electrolyzer is a necessity for investigating its performance. In this paper, a new one-dimensional dynamic model of PEM electrolyzer which at each time step solves electrochemical and two phase fluid flow equations is proposed. To solve a set of nonlinear partial differential equations of fluid flow, finite volume method with upwind scheme is used for discretization. The obtained algebraic set of equations is implicitly solved to ensure good stability at large time steps as well as low mesh nodes which provide the capability of system level simulation. Storing produced gas from electrolysis process continuously increases vessels pressure and leads to dynamic behavior of the electrolyzer. This phenomenon is investigated in this research using the proposed model. Results show that although the concentration of produced gas is raised by increasing vessel pressure, hydrogen concentration is essentially constant along the electrolyzer at cathode side. It is also observed that increasing vessel pressure results in high power consumption. However when pressure at anode side gets the moderate level, the water mass flow rate can be reduced, which causes a reduction in pump energy consumption.
https://hfe.irost.ir/article_297_d6a95fa40c12b15bf85efcff9fe9a50e.pdf
2015-11-01
271
281
10.22104/ijhfc.2015.297
Electrolysis
PEM
Dynamic modeling
Finite Volume
Hydrogen production
Mehdi
Jamali Ghahderijani
mehdi.jamali@modares.ac.ir
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aerospace group Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Fathollah
Ommi
f.ommi.tmu@gmail.com
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aerospace group Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Kim H., Park M. and Lee K. S., "One-dimensional dynamic modeling of a highpressure water electrolysis system for hydrogen production", Int J Hydrogen Energy, 2013, 38: 2596
1
2. Marangio F., Pagani M., Santarelli M. and Cali M., "Concept of a high pressure PEM electrolyser prototype", Int J Hydrogen Energy, 2011, 36: 7807
2
3. Gorgun H., "Dynamic modeling of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer", Int J Hydrogen Energy, 2006, 31: 29
3
4. Grigoriev, S.A., Porembskiy V.I., Korobtsev S.V., Fateev V.N., Auprêtre F. and Millet P., "High-pressure PEM water electrolysis and corresponding safety issues", Int J Hydrogen Energy, 2011, 36: 2721
4
5. Santarelli M., Medina P. and Cali M., "Fitting regression model and experimental validation for a high pressure PEM electrolyzer", Int J Hydrogen Energy, 2009, 34: 2519
5
6. Roy A., Watson S. and Infield D.,"Comparison of electrical energy efficiency of atmospheric and high-pressure electolysers", Int J Hydrogen Energy, 2006, 31: 1964
6
7. Onda K., Takahiro K., Kikuo H. and Kohei I., "Prediction of production power for high-pressure hydrogen by high-pressure water electrolysis", Journal of Power Sources, 2004, 132: 64
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8. Todd D., Schwager M. and Mercida W., "Thermodynamics of high-temperature, high-pressure water electrolysis", Journal of Power Sources, 2014, 269: 424
8
9. Dale N.V., Mann M.D. and Salehfar H., "Semi-empirical model based on thermodynamic principles for determining 6 kW proton exchange membrane electrolyzer stack characterstics", Journal of Power Sources, 2008, 185: 1348
9
10. Marangio, F., Santarelli, M. and Cali, M., "Theoretical model and experimental analysis of a high pressure PEM water electrolyzer for hydrogen production", Int J Hydrogen Energy, 2009, 34: 1143
10
11. Awasthi, A., Scott K. and Basu S., "Dynamic modeling and simulation of a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer for hydrogen production", Int J Hydrogen Energy, 2011, 36: 14779
11
12. Lee B. Park K. and Man Kim H. "Dynamic Simulation of PEM Water Electrolysis and Comparison with Experiments", Int. J. Electrochem, 2013, 8: 235
12
13. Medina P. and Santarelli M., "Analysis of water transport in a high pressure PEM electrolyzer", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2010, 35: 5173
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19