ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Performance assessment of a SOFC cogeneration system for residential buildings located in eastern Iran
It is expected that residential units may replace traditional heat and power production systems with cogeneration ones. Among the different cogeneration systems, fuel cell based systems are a suitable choice due to their high efficiency, high power density, low emission and low noise. In this paper, a cogeneration system based on solid oxide fuel cells is examined. The system, including the fuel and air compressors, desulphurizer, fuel reformer, fuel cell stack, etc., has been modeled from an energy and exergy viewpoint. An optimization algorithm with three different objective functions, including power production, heat production and the minimum exergy destruction, is applied. Then, the base system is utilized along with photovoltaic and electrolizer as a combined system. The results showed that an OP (Ordinary + Photovoltaic) is the best configuration with emissions reduction in the heat production approach, while OP and OFPE (Ordinary + Fuel cell + Photovoltaic + Electrolizer) configurations are the best configurations with excess energy in power production approach. The conditions of the numerical calculations were selected in accordance with a sample building located in eastern Iran.
https://hfe.irost.ir/article_379_1fe84ab470e5a2f8042126da2d711f34.pdf
2016-05-01
81
97
10.22104/ijhfc.2016.379
Solid oxide fuel cell
Exergy
Optimization
CHP
Hassan
Hassanzadeh
h.hassanzadeh@birjand.ac.ir
1
Birjand University faculty member
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad Ali
Farzad
mafarzad1986@yahoo.com
2
Water and sewer employees of Birjand
AUTHOR
Ali
Safavenejad
asafavi@birjand.ac.ir
3
Birjand University faculty member
AUTHOR
Mohammad Reza
Agaebrahimi
aghaebrahimi@birjand.ac.ir
4
Birjand University faculty member
AUTHOR
[1]Office, E.a.E.P., Energy Balance in 2009 and 2010, Energy Ministry: Tehran.
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[2]Onovwiona H.I. and Ugursal V.I., "Residential cogeneration systems": review of the current technology. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2006, 10: 389.
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[3]Hasanzadeh H. and Mansouri S.H., "Efficiency of ideal fuel cell and carnot cycle from a fundamental prospective". Journal of Power and Energy, 2005, 219: 245.
3
[4]Hassanzadeh H. and Farzad M.A., "Combined Fuel Cell and Photovoltaic System Assessment for CHP in House", 4th Fuel Cell Seminar 2010: Tehran- Iran.
4
[5]Rosen M.A. and Scott D.S., "A Thermodynamic Investigation of the Potential for Cogeneration for Fuel Cells", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 1988, 13: 775.
5
[6] Hussain M.M., Dincer I., and Li X., "Energy and Exergy Analysis of an Integrated SOFC Power System", CSME Forum, 2004, 1.
6
[7]Rohani S. and Najafi A.F., "Thermodynamic Analysis of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell and Gas Turbine Combined Systems via Exergy", 25th International Power System Conference 2010: Tehran.
7
[8]Lee K.H. and Strand R.K., "A System level Simulation Model of SOFC Systems for Building Applications", Third National Conference of IBPSA2008: Berkeley, California, USA.
8
[9]Lee K.H. and Strand R.K. , "SOFC cogeneration system for building applications, part 1: Development of SOFC system-level model and the parametric study", Renewable Energy, 2009, 34: 2831.
9
[10]Lee K.H. and Strand R.K. , "SOFC cogeneration system for building applications", part 2: System configuration and operating condition design, Renewable Energy, 2009, 34: 2839.
10
[11]Bompard E., Napoli R., Wan B. and Orsello G., "Economics evaluation of 5kW SOFC power system for residental use", Int. Journal of hydrogen energy, 2008,33:3243.
11
[12]San B. G., Zhou P. L. , and Clealand D., "Dynamic Modeling of Tubular SOFC for Marine Power System". Journal of Marine Science and Application, 2010, 9: 231.
12
[13]Lamas H., Shimizu J., Matsumura E. and Senda J., "Fuel consumption analysis of a residential cogeneration system using a solid oxide fuel cell with regulation of heat to power ratio", Int. Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2013, 38:16338.
13
[14]Hosseini M., Dincer I. and Rosen M. A., "Hybrid solar-fuel cell combined heat and power systems for residential applications", Energy and exergy analyses, J. Power Source, 2013, 221: 372.
14
[15] Farzad M.A., Hassanzadeh H., "Modeling and optimization of a single planar solid oxide fuel cell", Modares Mechanical Engineering, 2015, 15: 81 (In Persian).
15
[16] O'Hayre R.P., Cha Suk-Won, Colella W. and Printz Fritz B., "Fuel Cell Fundamentals", 2009, John Wiley & Sons.
16
[17]Lysholm Corporation, 2012, Available from: www.lysholm.us.
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[18]Singhal, S.C. and Kendall K., "High Temperatures Solid Oxide Fuel Cells" Fundamentals, Design and Application, 2003: Elsevier.
18
[19] Braun R. J., "Optimal design and opration of solid oxide fuel cell systems for samll-scale stationary applications", 2002, PhD thesis, university of Wisconsin.
19
[20]Aguiar, P., Adjiman C.S., and Brandon N.P., "Anode-supported intermediate temperature direct internal reforming solid oxide fuel cell. I: model-based steady-state performance. Journal of Power Sources, 2004, 138: 120.
20
[21]Iora P. , Aguiar P., Adjiman C.S., Brandon N.P., "Comparison two IT DIR-SOFC models": Impact of variable thermodynamic, physical, and flow properties. Steady-state and dynamic analysis. Chemical Engineering Science, 2005, 60: 2963.
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[22]Kang Ying-Wei, Li Jun , Cao Guang-Yi , Tu Heng-Yong , Li Jian , Yang Jie, "A reduced 1D dynamic model of a planar direct internal reforming solid oxide fuel cell for system research". Journal of Power Sources, 2009, 188: 170.
22
[23]Aguiar, P., Adjiman C.S., and Brandon N.P., "Anode-supported intermediate-temperature direct internal reforming solid oxide fuel cell" II. Model-based dynamic performance and control. Journal of Power Sources, 2005, 147: 136.
23
[24] "gPROMS Model Developer Guide", 2011, Process Systems Enterprise: London.
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[25] "gPROMS ModelBuilder Guide", 2011, Process Systems Enterprise: London.
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[26] "gPROMS Optimisation Guide", 2011, Process Systems Enterprise: London.
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[27] Duffie, J.A. and Beckman W.A., "Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes". 2nd Edition 1980: John Wiley & Sons.
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[28] Suntech Power Company. Available from: http://www.suntech-power.com/.
28
[29] Bilgen, E., "Domestic hydrogen production using renewable energy". Solar Energy, 2004, 77: 47.
29
[30] ITM Power Corporation. Available from: www.itm-power.com.
30
[31] RETScreen, Natural Resources Canada.
31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Modeling and simulation of a new architecure stack applied on the PEM Fuel Cell
To simulate a new economical architecture for PEM fuel cell and investigate the effectiveness of the introduced structure on the performance, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code is used to solve the equations for a single domain of the cell namely: the flow field, the mass conservation, the energy conservation, the species transport, and the electric/ionic fields under the assumptions of steady state and single phase. In this article, a new architecture of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFCs) stack with typical geometry is presented in which every anode channel is in connection with two cathode channel in the constant length and vice versa. The analyzed numerical results yield to observation the effect of this new structure on the distributions like current density oxygen, water, hydrogen mass fraction, current density and temperature. The introduced configuration has the same active area as the base model. Drawing the polarization curve for this new cell demonstrates that straight channel with dual connection in each channel shows considerably better performance and surpassed by a large amount the current density region of the polarization curves of a fuel cell using the base structure. The improved model can bring several advantages to the conventional PEMFC configuration which associated to the sufficient distribution of the reactants, to the flow field, improvement the concentration distribution along the channels and transport of the reactant gases through the gas diffusion layer (GDL), . .
https://hfe.irost.ir/article_385_9d210821c6c91cc55603d1fed8d29989.pdf
2016-05-01
99
112
10.22104/ijhfc.2016.385
fuel cell
PEM fuel cells
Single-phase
geometry
Ashkan
torkavannejad
a.torkavannejad@urmia.ac.ir
1
Urmia university
LEAD_AUTHOR
Nader
Pourmahmoud
n.pormahmod@gmail.com
2
Urmia University
AUTHOR
1. Kim YS., Kim SI., Lee NW., Kim MS., Study on a purge method using pressure reduction for effective water removal in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells”, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2015;40:9473-84.
1
2. Taspinara R., Litster S., Kumbur EC., “ A computational study to investigate the effects of the bipolar plate and gas diffusion layer interface in polymer electrolyte fuel cells”, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy ,2015;40:7124-34.
2
3. Verma A., Pitchumani R., “Influence of transient operating parameters on the mechanical behavior of fuel cells“. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2015;40:8442-53.
3
4. Jeon Y., Na H., Hwang H., Park J., Hwang H., Shul Y., “Accelerated life-time test protocols for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells operated at high temperature. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2015;40:3057-67.
4
5. Sadeghifar H., Djilali N., Bahrami M., “ Effect of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and micro porous layer (MPL) on thermal conductivity of fuel cell gas diffusion layers: modeling and experiments. J. Power Sources, 2014;248:632-41.
5
6. Sadeghifar H., Bahrami M., Djilali N., A statistically based thermal conductivity model for PEMFC gas diffusion layers. J Power Sources 2013;233:369-79.
6
7. Sadeghifar H., Djilali N., Bahrami M., “A new model for thermal contact resistance between fuel cell gas diffusion layers and bipolar plates”, J. Power Sources, 2014;266:51-9.
7
8. Sadeghifar H., Djilali N., Bahrami M., “Thermal conductivity of a graphite bipolar plate (BPP) and its thermal contact resistance with fuel cell gas diffusion layers: effect of compression, PTFE, micro porous layer (MPL), BPP out-offlatness and cyclic load”, J. Power Sources, 2015;273:96-104.
8
9. Mert SO., Ozcelik Z., Dincer I.“ Comparative assessment and optimization of fuel cells”, Int. J Hydrogen Energy, 2015;40:7835-45.
9
10. Wei Zh., Su K., Sui Sh., He A, Du Sh. “High performance polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) with gradient Pt nanowire cathodes prepared by decal transfer method”, Int. J Hydrogen Energym, 2015;40:3068-74.
10
11. Limjeerajarus N., Charoen-amornkitt P.,“ Effect of different flow field designs and number of channels on performance of a small PEFC”, Int J Hydrogen Energy, 2015;40:7144-58.
11
12. Arvay A, French J, Wang JC, Peng XH, Kannan AM. “ Nature inspired flow field designs for proton exchange membrane fuel cell”, Int J Hydrogen Energy, 2013;38:3717-26.
12
13. Hsieh SS., Yang SH., Kuo JK., Huang CF., Tsai HH., “ Study of operational parameters on the performance of micro PEMFCs with different flow fields”, Energy Convers Manage, 2006;47:1868.
13
14. Torkavannejad A., pesteei M., Khalilian M., Ramin F., Mirzaee I., “ Effect of Deflected Membrane Electrode Assembly on Species Distribution in PEMFC”. International Journal of Engineering, transactions c: Aspects Vol. 28, No. 3, (March 2015).
14
15. Yuh MF., Su A., “A three-dimensional full-cell CFD model used to investigate the effects of different flow channel designs on PEMFC performance”. Int. J Hydrogen Energy 2007;32:4466e76.
15
16. Lorenzini-Gutierrez D., Hernandez-Guerrero A., Ramos-Alvarado B., Perez-Raya I., Alatorre-Ordaz A., “ Performance analysis of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell using tree-shaped designs for flow distribution”, International journal of hydrogen energy, 3 8 ( 2 0 1 3 ),14750-14763.
16
17. Sierra J., Figueroa-Ramı´rez S.J., Dı´az S.E., Vargas J, Sebastian P.J., “ Numerical evaluation of PEM fuel cell with conventional flow fields adapted to tubular plates”, Volume 39, Issue 29, 2 October 2014, Pages 16694–16705.
17
18. Pourmahmoud N., Rezazadeh S, Mirzaee I., Motaleb Faed S., “ A computational study of a three-dimensional proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) with conventional and deflected membrane electrode”. J Mech. Sci. Technol., 2012;26:2959-68.
18
19. Escobar-Vargas JA., Hernandez-Guerrero A., Alatorre Ordaz A., Damian-Ascencio C.E., Elizalde-Blancas F., "Performance of a non-conventional flow field in a PEMFC". Paper presented at the 20th International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems. June 25-28, 2007. Padova, Italy.
19
20. Juarez-Robles D., Hernandez-Guerrero A., Ramos-Alvarado B., Elizalde-Blancas F., Damian-Ascencio CE., “ Multiple concentric spirals for the flow field of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell”. J. Power Sources 2011;196:8019e30.
20
21. Cano-Andrade S., Hernandez-Guerrero A., Von-Spakovsky MR., Rubio-Arana C., “Effect of the radial plate flow field distribution on current density in a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell”. Paper presented at the ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. November 11e15, 2007. Seattle-Washington, United States of America.
21
22. Cano-Andrade S., Hernandez-Guerrero A., Von Spakovsky MR., Damian-Ascencio CE., Rubio-Arana JC., “ Current density and polarization curves for radial flow field patterns applied to PEMFCs (proton exchange membrane fuel cells)”. Energy, 2010; 35:920e7.
22
23. Torkavannejad A, Sadeghifar H, Pourmahmoud N, Ramin F. Novel architectures of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells: Efficiency enhancement and cost reduction. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, Volume 40, Issue 36, 28 September 2015, 12466–12477.
23
24. Wang XD., Huang YX, Cheng CH., Jang JY., Lee DJ, Yan WM., et al. “An inverse geometry design problem for optimization of single serpentine flow field of PEM fuel cell”. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2010;35:4247-57.
24
25. Ramos-Alvarado B., Hernandez-Guerrero A., Juarez-Robles D., Li L., “ Numerical investigation of the performance of symmetric flow distributors as flow channels for PEM fuel cells international”. Int. J Hydrogen Energy 2012;37:436-48.
25
26. Chen YS., Peng H., “ Predicting current density distribution of proton exchange membrane fuel cells with different flow field designs”. J Power Sources 2011;196:1992-2004.
26
27. Cano-Andrade S., Hernandez-Guerrero A., von Spakovsky MR., Damian-Ascencio CE., Rubio-Arana JC., Current density and polarization curves for radial flow field patterns applied to PEMFCs. Energy 2010;35:920-7.
27
28. Friess BR., Hoorfar M., “Development of a novel radial cathode flow field for PEMFC”. Int J Hydrogen Energy 2012;37:7719-29.
28
29. Surajudeen Olanrewaju O., “Performance enhancement in proton exchange membrane fuel cell-numerical modeling and optimization [PhD thesis]”. University of Pretoria; 2012.
29
30. Juarez-Robles., D., Hernandez-Guerrero., A., Damian- Ascencio., C. E., Rubio-Arana, C., “Three dimensional analysis of a PEM fuel cell with the shape of a fermat spiral for the flow channel configuration”, Proceedings of IMECE2008, ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition October 31-November 6, 2008, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
30
31 Friess BR., “Development of radial flow channel for improved water and gas management of cathode flow field in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell” [Masters of Applied Science Thesis]. University of British Columbia; 2010.
31
32. Soong CY., Yan WM., Tseng CY., Liu HC., Chen F., Chu HS., “ Analysis of reactant gas transport in a PEM fuel cell with partially blocked fuel flow channels”. J. Power Sources, 2005; 143:36e47.
32
33. Walczyk DF., Sangra JS., “A feasibility study of Ribbon architecture for PEM fuel cells’. ASME, J. Fuel Cell Sci. Technol. 2010;7:051001.
33
34. Tseng C., Tsang Tsai B., Liu Zh., Cheng T., Chang W, Lo Sh., “ A PEM fuel cell with metal foam as flow distributor”, Energy Conversion and Management, 62, (2012), 14–21.
34
35. Bilgili M, Bosomoiu M , Tsotridis G, Gas flow field with obstacles for PEM fuel cells at different operating conditions, Int J Hydrogen Energy. Volume 40, Issue 5, Pages 2303–2311
35
36. Vazifeshenas Y., Sedighi k., Shakeri M., “Numerical investigation of a novel compound flow field for PEMFC performance improvement”, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy Volume 40, Issue 43, 16 November 2015, Pages 15032–15039
36
37. Khazaee I., Ghazikhani M., “Three-dimensional modeling and development of the new geometry PEM fuel cell”. Arabian J. Sci. Eng., 2013;38:1551-64.
37
38. Sadiq Al-Baghdadi Maher AR., Shahad Al-Janabi Haroun AK.,“Parametric and optimization study of a PEM fuel cell performance using three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model”. Renew Energy, 2007;32:1077-101.
38
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
How to Design a Cryogenic Joule-Thomson Cooling System: Case Study of Small Hydrogen Liquefier
Heat exchangers are the critical components of refrigeration and liquefaction processes. Selection of appropriate operational conditions for cryogenic recuperative heat exchanger and expansion valve operating in Joule-Thomson cooling system results in improving the performance and efficiency. In the current study, a straightforward procedure is introduced to design an efficient Joule-Thomson cooling system. Determining the appropriate operational conditions and configuration of streams within the recuperative heat exchanger are discussed comprehensively. A Joule-Thomson cooling system including helically coiled tube in tube heat exchanger and expansion valve was considered as a case study. Simulation was performed by procedure different from conventional finite element method and the results were validated versus data obtained from small laboratory hydrogen liquefier. In accordance with mathematical modeling performed on the recuperative heat exchanger, it is better to flow low pressure hydrogen inside the inner tube and high pressure hydrogen within the annulus. This arrangement results in needing shorter length for heat exchanger tubes compared with reverse arrangement..
https://hfe.irost.ir/article_394_1700d55524fd77fb2e556dc44624f184.pdf
2016-12-01
113
125
10.22104/ijhfc.2016.394
refrigeration
Joule-Thomson
hydrogen liquefaction
heat exchanger
design and simulation
Ali
Saberimoghaddam
articlemut@gmail.com
1
Malek Ashtar University of Technology
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad Mahdi
Bahri Rasht Abadi
mmbahri@gmail.com
2
Malek Ashtar University of Technology
AUTHOR
1. Zhu W., White M. J., Nellis G. F., Klein S. A.,Gianchandani Y. B. A Joule-Thomson cooling system with a Si/glass heat exchanger for 0.1–1 w heat loads. in Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Conference, 2009. TRANSDUCERS 2009. International. 2009. IEEE.
1
2. Maytal B.-Z., Nellis G., Klein S.,Pfotenhauer J., "Elevated-pressure mixed-coolants Joule–Thomson cryocooling", Cryogenics, 2006, 46(1), 55.
2
3. Croft A., "The new hydrogen liquefier at the Clarendon Laboratory", Cryogenics, 1964, 4(3), 143.
3
4. Prina M., Borders J., Bhandari P., Morgante G., Pearson D.,Paine C., "Low-heat input cryogenic temperature control with recuperative heat-exchanger in a Joule Thomson cryocooler", Cryogenics, 2004, 44(6), 595.
4
5. Barron R. F., Nellis G.,Pfotenhauer J. M., Cryogenic heat transfer. 1999: CRC Press.
5
6. Stephens S., "Advanced design of Joule-Thomson coolers for infra-red detectors", Infrared Physics, 1968, 8(1), 25.
6
7. Chien S., Chen L.,Chou F., "A study on the transient characteristics of a self-regulating Joule-Thomson cryocooler", Cryogenics, 1996, 36(12), 979.
7
8. Levenduski R.,Scarlotti R. D. Development of a Joule-Thomson cryocooler for space applications. in SPIE's International Symposium on Optical Engineering and Photonics in Aerospace Sensing. 1994. International Society for Optics and Photonics.
8
9. Chua H. T., Wang X.,Teo H. Y., "A numerical study of the Hampson-type miniature Joule–Thomson cryocooler", Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 2006, 49(3), 582.
9
10. Damle R.,Atrey M., "Transient simulation of a miniature Joule-Thomson (JT) cryocooler with and without the distributed JT effect", Cryogenics, 2014,
10
11. Pacio J. C.,Dorao C. A., "A review on heat exchanger thermal hydraulic models for cryogenic applications", Cryogenics, 2011, 51(7), 366.
11
12. Aminuddin M.,Zubair S. M., "Characterization of various losses in a cryogenic counterflow heat exchanger", Cryogenics, 2014, 6477.
12
13. Krishna V., Spoorthi S., Hegde P. G.,Seetharamu K., "Effect of longitudinal wall conduction on the performance of a three-fluid cryogenic heat exchanger with three thermal communications", Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 2013, 62567.
13
14. Gupta P. K., Kush P.,Tiwari A., "Second law analysis of counter flow cryogenic heat exchangers in presence of ambient heat-in-leak and longitudinal conduction through wall", Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 2007, 50(23), 4754.
14
15. Nellis G., "A heat exchanger model that includes axial conduction, parasitic heat loads, and property variations", Cryogenics, 2003, 43(9), 523.
15
16. Narayanan S. P.,Venkatarathnam G., "Performance of a counterflow heat exchanger with heat loss through the wall at the cold end", Cryogenics, 1999, 39(1), 43.
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17. Ranganayakulu C., Seetharamu K.,Sreevatsan K., "The effects of longitudinal heat conduction in compact plate-fin and tube-fin heat exchangers using a finite element method", Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 1997, 40(6), 1261.
17
18. Damle R.,Atrey M., "The cool-down behaviour of a miniature Joule–Thomson (J–T) cryocooler with distributed J–T effect and finite reservoir capacity", Cryogenics, 2015, 7147.
18
19. Chou F.-C., Pai C.-F., Chien S.,Chen J., "Preliminary experimental and numerical study of transient characteristics for a Joule-Thomson cryocooler", Cryogenics, 1995, 35(5), 311.
19
20. Tzabar N.,Kaplansky A., "A numerical cool-down analysis for Dewar-detector assemblies cooled with Joule–Thomson cryocoolers", Int. J. Ref., 2014, 4456.
20
21. Hong Y.-J., Park S.-J., Kim H.-B.,Choi Y.-D., "The cool-down characteristics of a miniature Joule–Thomson refrigerator", Cryogenics, 2006, 46(5), 391.
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22. Valenti G., Macchi E.,Brioschi S., "The influence of the thermodynamic model of equilibriumhydrogen on the simulation of its liquefaction", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2012, 3710779.
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24
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25
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy for Investigation of Different Losses in 4-cells Short Stack with Integrated Humidifier and Water Separator
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a suitable and powerful diagnostic testing method for fuel cells (FCs) since it is non-destructive and provides useful information about FC performance and its components. In this study, for the first time, a 500W cascade type 4 cells stack with integrated humidifier, water separator and internal manifolds was designed, fabricated and tested. The diagnostic test was conducted by EIS. The effects of dead end and open end modes of the stack impedance spectra are studied. The results suggested that ohmic resistance of the single cell decreased with increasing current density due to the greater effect of hydration of membrane. The results of the electrochemical impedance revealed that the gas operating mode had significant impacts on electrochemical impedance of the stack. When the stack was tested on dead end mode, the charge transfer resistance of the stack decreases dramatically and its influences on mass transfer resistances are negligible.
https://hfe.irost.ir/article_378_3cf7c8beeb1903ababf54eeac96ec15d.pdf
2016-12-01
127
136
10.22104/ijhfc.2016.378
PEM Fuel Cell (PEMFC)
Cascade type stack
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)
Dead-end Operation
Ebrahim
Alizadeh
fccenter@mut.ac.ir
1
Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Fuel Cell Technology Research Laboratory
LEAD_AUTHOR
Majid
Khorshidian
khorshidian@mut.ac.ir
2
Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Fuel Cell Technology Research Laboratory
AUTHOR
Seyed Majid
Rahgoshay
m.rahgoshay@mut.ac.ir
3
Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Fuel Cell Technology Research Laboratory
AUTHOR
Seyed Hossein
Masrori Saadat
hsaadat@mut.ac.ir
4
Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Fuel Cell Technology Research Laboratory
AUTHOR
Mazaher
Rahimi-Esbo
mrahimi@mut.ac.ir
5
Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Fuel Cell Technology Research Laboratory
AUTHOR
Wang H., Yuan X., Li H., PEM Fuel Cell Diagnostic Tools, CRC Press, 2012.
1
Yuan X., Sun J.C., Wang H., Zhang J., "AC impedance diagnosis of a 500WPEM fuel cell stack: part II: individual cell impedance", J. Power Sources, 2006, 161: 929.
2
Wu J., Zi Yuan X., Wang H., Blanco M., Martin J.J., Zhang J., "Diagnostic tools in PEM fuel cell research: part II: physical/ chemical methods", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2008, 33: 1747.
3
Wu J., Yuan X.Z., Wang H., Blanco M., Martin J.J., Zhang J., "Diagnostic tools in PEM fuel cell research: part I electrochemical techniques", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2008, 33: 1735.
4
Millera M., Bazylaka A., "A review of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell stack testing", J. Power Sources, 2011, 196: 601.
5
Wagner N., Kaz T., Friedrich K.A., "Investigation of electrode composition of polymer fuel cells by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy", J. Electrochim. Acta, 2008, 53: 7475.
6
Easton E.B. and Pickup P.G. "An electrochemical impedance spectroscopy study of fuel cell electrodes", J. Electrochim Acta, 2005, 50: 2469.
7
Guo Q., Cayetano M., Tsou Y., DeCastro E., White R., "Study of ionic conductivity profiles of the air cathode of a PEMFC by AC impedance spectroscopy", J. Electrochem Soc, 2003, 150: 1440.
8
Makharia R., Mathias M., Baker D., "Measurement of catalyst layer electrolyte resistance in PEFCs using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy", J. Electrochem. Soc, 2005, 152: 970.
9
Easton E., Astill T., Holdcroft S., "Properties of gas diffusion electrodes containing sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone)", J. Electrochem. Soc, 2005, 152: 752.
10
O’Rourke J., Ramani M., Arcak M., "Using electrochemical impedance to determine airflow rates", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2008, 33: 4694.
11
Roy S. and Orazem M., "Analysis of flooding as a stochastic process in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells by impedance techniques", J. Power Sources, 2008, 184: 212.
12
Brunetto C, Moschetto A, Tina G. PEM fuel cell testing by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Elec Power Syst Res 2009; 79:17-26.
13
Wagner N. and Gu¨ lzow E., "Change of electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) with time during CO-poisoning of the Pt-anode in a membrane fuel cell", J. Power Sources, 2004, 127: 341.
14
Yang D., Ma J., Xu L., Wu M., Wang H., "The effect of nitrogen oxides in air on the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell", J. Electrochim. Acta, 2006, 51: 4039.
15
Li H., Zhang J., Fatih K., Wang Z., Tang Y., Shi Z., "Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell contamination: testing and diagnosis of toluene-induced cathode degradation", J. Power Sources, 2008, 185: 272.
16
Yuan X., Sun J.C., Blanco M., Wang H., Zhang J., Wilkinson D.P., "AC impedance diagnosis of a 500WPEM fuel cell stack: part I: stack impedance", J. Power Sources, 2006, 161: 920.
17
Zhu W.H., Payne R.U., Tatarchuk B.J, "PEM stack test and analysis in a power system at operational load via ac impedance", J. Power Sources, 2007, 168: 211.
18
Giner-Sanz, J.J., Ortega, E.M., Pérez-Herranz, V. Optimization of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement parameters for PEM fuel cell spectrum determination, Electrochimica Acta 174 (2015) 1290–1298.
19
Zhiania, M., Majidi, S., Bruno Silva, V., Gharibi, H. Comparison of the performance and EIS (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) response of an activated PEMFC (proton exchange membrane fuel cell) under low and high thermal and pressure stresses, Energy 97 (2016) 560-567.
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Asghari, S., Ashraf Khorasani, M., Dashti, R. I. Investigation of self-humidified and dead-ended anode proton exchange membrane fuel cell performance using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 41 (2016) 12347-12357.
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Barzegari, M., M. Dardel, M., Ramiar, A., Alizadeh, E. An investigation of temperature effect on performance of dead-end cascade H2/O2PEMFC stack with integrated humidifier and separator, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 41 (2016) 3136-3146.
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of coating thickness on corrosion and contact resistance behavior of TiN coated AISI 316L as bipolar plates for PEMFC
In the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), low corrosion resistance and high interfacial contact resistance (ICR) are two controversial issues in usage of AISI 316L stainless steel as a metallic bipolar plate. For solving these problems, investigation and development of different coatings and/or surface treatments are inevitable. Corrosion behavior and ICR of AISI 316L specimens coated with 1, 2, and 3 µm thick TiN were investigated. Potentiodynamic (PD), potentiostatic (PS) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests were conducted at 80 °C in pH3 H2SO4+2 ppm HF solution purged with either O2 or H2 under both simulated cathodic and anodic conditions. The PS corrosion test results revealed that the current densities of the specimens were below 1 µA cm−2. In the simulated cathodic condition, an increase of coating thickness from 1 to 3 µm led to a relatively large decrease of the current density from 0.76 to 0.43 µA cm−2. Furthermore, the ICR values of the coated specimens after the PS test were lower than that of the uncoated specimen before the PS. In general, the TiN coating decreases the ICR, and has enough corrosion resistance in simulated PEMFC conditions. However, none of the coatings achieved the DOE ICR targets.
https://hfe.irost.ir/article_393_17c07ffdbe05f3e50affed27ea5372fa.pdf
2017-01-01
137
149
10.22104/ijhfc.2017.393
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
AISI 316L Stainless Steel
Bipolar Plates
PVD Coating
Titanium Nitride (TiN) Coating
Ali
Hedayati
ali.hedayati@ltu.se
1
Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technologies
AUTHOR
Saeed
Asghari
asghari@me.iut.ac.ir
2
Institute of Materials and Energy, Iranian Space Research Center
LEAD_AUTHOR
Amir Hosein
Alinoori
amirhalinoori@gmail.com
3
Institute of Materials and Energy, Iranian Space Research Center
AUTHOR
Morteza
Koosha
rasool52@yahoo.com
4
Institute of Materials and Energy, Iranian Space Research Center
AUTHOR
Esa
Vuorinen
esa.vuorinen@ltu.se
5
Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technologies
AUTHOR
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45
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
In situ activation of a Ni catalyst with Mo ion for hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline solution
In this study Ni catalyst have been activated during hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by adding Mo ions into the alkaline electrolyte. After dissolving different amounts of ammonium molybdate in the 1M NaOH as electrolyte, Ni catalyst was used as cathode for HER. Afterwards a comparison between hydrogen overpotential measured in Ni catalyst with and without in situ activation has been made; the in situ activation shows an improvement of electrocatalytic properties of Ni catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction. In the other words impact increase of in situ activation of Mo ions on the Ni structure, show that extremely significant impact in improving the Ni catalyst activation during in situ activation. The values of Tafel slope for Ni catalyst without Mo is an average of about 141 mVdec-1, while by using in situ activation by activator Mo ion this value is about 172 mVdec-1. As well as the values of overpotential for Ni catalyst, are an average of about 625 mV, by using in situ activation, these values are about 482 mV at the current density of 250 mAcm-2 (η250). In this study electrochemical data obtained from linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), the steady state polarization Tafel curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).
https://hfe.irost.ir/article_407_e45099a2a70a8df5227d4292d5eec18f.pdf
2017-01-01
151
158
10.22104/ijhfc.2017.407
Hydrogen evolution reaction
In situ activation
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
electrocatalytic activity
Ali Reza
Madram
ar.madram@gmail.com
1
Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Malek-Ashtar University of Technology
LEAD_AUTHOR
Samane
Asadi
s.asadi.1384@gmail.com
2
Malek-Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran 15875-1774, IRAN
AUTHOR
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27