ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Preparation and Characterization of Electrocatalyst Nanoparticles for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Applications Using β-D-glucose as Protection Agent
In this study, the activity, stability and performance of carbon supported platinum (Pt/C) electrocatalyst in cathode and carbon supported Pt and ruthenium (PtRu/C) electrocatalyst in anode of direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) were studied. The Pt/C and PtRu/C electrocatalysts were prepared by impregnation reduction method. The β-D-glucose was used as protection agent to reduce the particle size and improve performance of prepared electrocatalysts. The prepared electrocatalysts were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The results of XRD and TEM showed that the average particle size of metals in prepared electrocatalysts is between 2-3 nm. The cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and chronoamperometry were used to investigate electrooxidation of methanol and electrocatalytic activity of prepared electrocatalysts. The results showed that PtRu/C electrocatalyst has better activity in methanol condition due to its smaller average particle size of nanoparticles, superior activity for methanol oxidation and its higher carbon monoxide (CO) tolerance. The single DMFC cell consisted of protected electrocatalysts exhibited a 28 % increase in the peak power density in room temperature, with the maximum peak power density of 22.13 mW cm-2.
https://hfe.irost.ir/article_497_37cebe05f9707bb1ccffb534446ccc5e.pdf
2017-06-01
1
11
10.22104/ijhfc.2017.497
Electocatalyst
Impregnation reduction method
Protection agent
Direct methanol Fuel cells
Hossein
Beydaghi
hossein.beydaghi@gmail.com
1
1. Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 1599637111 Iran 2. Fuel Cell and Solar Cell Laboratory, Renewable Energy Research Center, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 1599637111 Iran
AUTHOR
Mehran
Javanbakht
javanbakht@aut.ac.ir
2
1. Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 1599637111 Iran 2. Fuel Cell and Solar Cell Laboratory, Renewable Energy Research Center, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 1599637111 Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ahmad
Bagheri
ahmad.bagheri12@gmail.com
3
1. Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 1599637111 Iran 2. Fuel Cell and Solar Cell Laboratory, Renewable Energy Research Center, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 1599637111 Iran
AUTHOR
Hossein
Ghafarian-Zahmatkesh
chem.ghafarian@gmail.com
4
1. Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 1599637111 Iran 2. Fuel Cell and Solar Cell Laboratory, Renewable Energy Research Center, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 1599637111 Iran
AUTHOR
Khadijeh
Hooshyari
khadijeh_houshyari@yahoo.com
5
1. Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 1599637111 Iran 2. Fuel Cell and Solar Cell Laboratory, Renewable Energy Research Center, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 1599637111 Iran
AUTHOR
Beydaghi H., Javanbakht M., "Aligned nanocomposite membranes containing sulfonated graphene oxide with superior ionic conductivity for direct methanol fuel cell application" Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2014, 54:7028.
1
Beydaghi H., Javanbakht M., Bagheri A., Salarizadeh P., Zahmatkesh H.G., Kashefi S., Kowsari, E., "Novel nanocomposite membranes based on blended sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)/poly(vinyl alcohol) containing sulfonated graphen oxide/Fe3O4 nanosheets for DMFC applications" RSC Adv., 2015, 5:74054.
2
Nouralishahi A., Rashidi A.M., Mortazavi Y., Khodadadi A.A., Choolaei M., "Enhanced methanol electro-oxidation reaction on Pt-CoOx/MWCNTs hybrid electro-catalyst" Appl. Surf. Sci. 2015, 335:55.
3
Smirnova N.V., Kuriganova A.B., Leont’eva D., Leont’ev I.N., Mikheikin A.S., "Structural and electrocatalytic properties of Pt/C and Pt-Ni/C catalysts prepared by electrochemical dispersion" Kinet. Catal., 2013, 54:255.
4
Hiromi C., Inoue M., Taguchi A., Abe T., "Optimum Pt and Ru atomic composition of carbon-supported Pt–Ru alloy electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation studied by the polygonal barrel-sputtering method" Electrochim. Acta, 2011, 56: 8438.
5
Sriring N., Tantavichet N., Pruksathorn K., "Preparation of Pt/C catalysts by electroless deposition for proton exchange membrane fuel cells" Korean J. Chem. Eng., 2010, 27:439.
6
Jiang Q., Peng Z., Xie X., Du K., Hu G., Liu Y., "Preparation of high active Pt/C cathode electrocatalyst for direct methanol fuel cell by citrate-stabilized method" Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 2011, 21:127.
7
Zi-hao X., Tian-meng Z., Bo J., Min Y., Feng-zhan S., Chang-peng L., Wen-sheng Y., "Synthesis of Pt/C electrocatalysts under protection of glucose and their improved methanol electrooxidation activity" Chem. Res. Chines Universities, 2012, 28:1074.
8
Kashyout A.B., Nassr A.B.A.A., Giorgi L., Maiyalagan T., Youssef B.A.B., "Electrooxidation of methanol on carbon supported Pt-Ru nanocatalysts prepared by ethanol reduction method" Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 2011, 6:379.
9
Yu G., Chen W., Zhao J., Nie Q., "Synthesis of highly dispersed Pt/C electrocatalysts in ethylene glycol using acetate stabilizer for methanol electrooxidation" J. Appl. Electrochem., 2006, 36:1021.
10
Wang X., Hsing I.M., "Surfactant stabilized Pt and Pt alloy electrocatalyst for polymer electrolyte fuel cells" Electrochim. Acta, 2002, 47:2981.
11
Wang Z.B., Yin G.P., Shi P.F., Yang B.Q., Feng P.X., "Influence of different buffer solutions on the performance of anodic Pt-Ru/C nanoparticle electrocatalysts for a direct methanol fuel cell" J. Power Sources, 2007, 166:317.
12
Liu P., Yang D., Chen H., Gao Y., Li H., "Discrete and dispersible hollow carbon spheres for PtRu electrocatalyst support in DMFCs" Electrochim. Acta, 2013, 109:238.
13
Salgado J.R.C., Paganin V.A., Gonzalez E.R., Montemor M.F., Tacchini I., Anso´n A., Salvador M.A., Ferreira P., Figueiredo F.M.L, Ferreira M.G.S., "Characterization and performance evaluation of Pt-Ru electrocatalysts supported on different carbon materials for direct methanol fuel cells" Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2013, 38:910.
14
Jeon M.K., Lee K.R., Jeon H.J., Woo S.I., "Effect of heat treatment on PtRu/C catalyst for methanol electro-oxidation" J. App. Electrochem., 2009, 39:1503.
15
Bashir S.M., Hossain S.S., Rahman S., Ahmed S., Hossain M.M., "NiO/MWCNT catalysts for electrochemical reduction of CO2" Electrocatalysis, 2015, 6:544.
16
Franco E.G., Neto A.O., Linardi M., Aricó E., "Synthesis of electrocatalysts by the Bönnemann method for the oxidation of methanol and the mixture H2/CO in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell" J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 2002, 13:516.
17
Jin C., Taniguchi I., "Electrocatalytic activity of silver modified gold film for glucose oxidation and its potential application to fuel cells" Mater. Lett., 2007, 61:2365.
18
De Souza R.F.B., Parreira L.S., Rascio D.C., Silva J.C.M., Neto E.T., Calegaro M.L., Spinace E.V., Neto A.O., Santos M.C., "Study of ethanol electro-oxidation in acid environment on Pt3Sn/C anode catalysts prepared by a modified polymeric precursor method under controlled synthesis conditions" J. Power Sources, 2010, 195:1589.
19
Lang X., Shi M., Jiang Y., Chen H., Ma C., "Tungsten carbide/porous carbon core–shell nanocomposites as a catalyst support for methanol oxidation" RSC Adv., 2016, 6:13873
20
An G.H., Lee E.H., Ahn H.J., "Ruthenium and ruthenium oxide nanofiber supports for enhanced activity of platinum electrocatalysts in the methanol oxidation reaction" RSC Adv., 2016, 18:14859
21
Devaki K., Ordered porous carbon and nitrogen-containing carbon supported nano-platinum electro-catalyst for direct methanol fuel cell applications, Master degree theses, Indian institute of technology-madras, 2011, India.
22
Rodrigues R.M.S., Dias R.R., Forbicini C.A.L.G.O., Linardi M., Spinace E.V., Neto A.O., "Enhanced activity of PtRu/85%C+15% rare earth for methanol oxidation in acidic medium" Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 2011, 6:5759.
23
Li L., Xing Y., "Methanol electro-oxidation on Pt-Ru alloy nanoparticles supported on carbon nanotudes" Energies, 2009, 2:789.
24
Prabhuram J., Zhao T.S., Liang Z.X., Chen R., "A simple method for the synthesis of PtRu nanoparticles on the multi-walled carbon nanotube for the anode of a DMFC" Electrochim. Acta, 2007, 52:2649.
25
Ramachandran R., kumar G.P.G, Chen S.M., "Development of fabrication methods and performance analysis of various electrodes in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs)" Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 2016, 11:506.
26
Goel j., Basu S., "Pt-Re-Sn as metal catalysts for electro-oxidation of ethanol in direct ethanol fuel cell" Energy Procedia, 2012, 28:66.
27
Zou L., Fan J., Zhou Y., Wang C., Li J., Zou Z., Yang H., "Conversion of PtNi alloy from disordered to ordered for enhanced activity and durability of methanol tolerant oxygen reduction reaction" Nano Res., 2015, 8:2777.
28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigation of carbon dioxide capture from hydrogen using the thermal pressure swing adsorption process: Central composite design modeling
In this study pre-combustion capture of carbon dioxide from hydrogen was performed using a 5A zeolite adsorber. A one column thermal pressure swing adsorption (TPSA) process was studied in the bulk separation of a CO2/H2 mixture (50:50 vol%). The adsorption dynamics of the zeolite bed were investigated by breakthrough experiments to select the suitable range for operational factors in the design of experiments. Combined effect of three important variables namely, adsorption time, purge to feed ratio, and regeneration temperature on hydrogen purity, recovery and productivity were investigated in the TPSA process using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Predicted models show an interaction between adsorption time and regeneration temperature in the range that the experiments were performed. Optimization of the TPSA process was performed based on the goal of responses. As hydrogen purity has the large impact with respect to hydrogen recovery and productivity in industry, the optimum condition was proposed based on maximum purity of hydrogen. In this condition, predicted values for adsorption time, purge to feed ratio, and regeneration temperature were 7.99 min, 0.2, and 204 °C, respectively. Predicted values of responses for hydrogen purity, recovery, and productivity were 99.88%, 50.71%, and 1.32, respectively. Acquired models were validated by experimental data in predicted conditions and actual responses were very close to predicted values. These results confirmed the accuracy of obtained models.
https://hfe.irost.ir/article_515_8136028294b49929f9a5b6e93ff6982e.pdf
2017-08-21
13
26
10.22104/ijhfc.2017.2161.1135
Response surface methodology
Pressure Swing Adsorption
CO2 capture
Zeolite 5A
Hydrogen purification
Ali
Saberimoghaddam
articlemut@gmail.com
1
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Malek Ashtar University of Technology
LEAD_AUTHOR
vahid
khebri
vahidkhebri@yahoo.com
2
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Malek Ashtar University of Technology
AUTHOR
[1] Song C. “Global challenges and strategies for control, conversion and utilization of CO2 for sustainable development involving energy, catalysis, adsorption and chemical processing”. Catal. Today. 2006, 115:2.
1
[2] Metz B., Davidson O., Coninck H., Loos M., Meyer L., “Carbon dioxide capture and storage, International Panel on Climate Control (IPCC)”. Cambridge University Press Cambridge; 2005.
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[3] Di Sarli V., Di Benedetto A., “Laminar burning velocity of hydrogen–methane/air premixed flames”. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy. 2007, 32: 637.
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[4] El-Ghafour S., El-Dein A., Aref A., “Combustion characteristics of natural gas–hydrogen hybrid fuel turbulent diffusion flame”. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2010, 35: 2556.
4
[5] Ruthven D.M., “Principles of adsorption and adsorption processes”. John Wiley & Sons, 1984.
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[6] Sircar S., Waldron W., Rao M, Anand M., “Hydrogen production by hybrid SMR–PSA–SSF membrane system”. Sep. Purif. Technol. 1999, 17: 11.
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[7] Bastos-Neto M., Moeller A., Staudt R., Böhm J., Gläser R., “Dynamic bed measurements of CO adsorption on microporous adsorbents at high pressures for hydrogen purification processes”. Sep. Purif. Technol. 2011, 77:251.
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[8] Manovic V., Anthony EJ., “Lime-based sorbents for high-temperature CO2 capture—a review of sorbent modification methods”. Int. j. Environ. Res. and public health. 2010, 7: 3129.
8
[9] Hart A., Gnanendran N., “Cryogenic CO2 capture in natural gas”. Energy Procedia. 2009, 1:697.
9
[10] Hauchhum L., Mahanta P., “Carbon dioxide adsorption on zeolites and activated carbon by pressure swing adsorption in a fixed bed”. Int. J. Energy Enviro. 2014, 5:349.
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[11] Tlili N., Grévillot G., Vallières C., “Carbon dioxide capture and recovery by means of TSA and/or VSA”. Int. J. Greenhouse Gas Control. 2009, 3:519.
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[12] Siriwardane R.V., Shen M.S., Fisher E.P., Losch J., “Adsorption of CO2 on zeolites at moderate temperatures”. Energy & Fuels. 2005, 19:1153.
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[13] Siriwardane R.V., Shen M.S., Fisher E.P., Poston J.A., “Adsorption of CO2 on molecular sieves and activated carbon”. Energy & Fuels. 2001, 15:279.
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[14] García S., Gil M., Pis J., Rubiera F., Pevida C., “Cyclic operation of a fixed-bed pressure and temperature swing process for CO2 capture: experimental and statistical analysis”. Int. J. Greenhouse Gas Control. 2013, 12:35.
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[17] Shafeeyan M.S., Daud WMAW., Houshmand A., Arami-Niya A., “The application of response surface methodology to optimize the amination of activated carbon for the preparation of carbon dioxide adsorbents”. Fuel. 2012, 94:465.
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[18] García S., Gil M, Martín C., Pis J., Rubiera F., Pevida C., “Breakthrough adsorption study of a commercial activated carbon for pre-combustion CO2 capture”. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2011, 171:549. \
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[20] Mulgundmath V., Tezel FH., “Optimisation of carbon dioxide recovery from flue gas in a TPSA system”. Adsorption. 2010, 16:587.
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[22] Whitcomb P.J., Anderson M.J., “RSM simplified: optimizing processes using response surface methods for design of experiments”, CRC press, 2004.
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[25] Moon D-K., Kim Y-H., Ahn H., Lee C-H., “Pressure Swing Adsorption Process for Recovering H2 from the Effluent Gas of a Melting Incinerator”. Ind Eng Chem Res. 2014, 53:15447.
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26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A high performance lithium-ion battery using LiNa0.02K0.01FePO4/C as cathode material and anatase TiO2 nanotube arrays as anode material
In this paper we report on a lithium ion battery (LIB) based on improved olivine lithium iron phosphate/carbon (LiFePO4/C) as cathode material and LiNa0.02K0.01FePO4/C synthesized by sol-gel method and TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNAs) with an anatase phasesynthesized through anodization of Ti foil as an anode electrode. Crystallographic structure and surface morphology of the cathode and anode materials were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrochemical characterization of the Li-LiNa0.02K0.01FePO4/C and Li-TNAs half-cells and LiNa0.02K0.01FePO4/C-TNAs full-cell configuration was carried out through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and charge/discharge analysis. The operating potential and the first discharge capacity of the full cell were about 1.7 V and 127 mAhg-1 (at 0.5 C), respectively, and stayed stable for up to 100 cycles with limited capacity fading. Therefore, this system (full-cell) is characterized by enhanced electrochemical properties, a high safety level, remarkable environmental compatibility, long life and low cost. The preliminary results in this work suggest that the system may be suitable for using as environmental friendly hybrid, electric vehicles (EVs), and an alternative energy storage system for powering safe and stationary applications.
https://hfe.irost.ir/article_527_5e39de37117d39eae3f6f1add274d141.pdf
2017-08-28
27
35
10.22104/ijhfc.2017.2297.1142
Lithium-ion battery (LIB)
Lithium iron phosphate
TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNAs)
full-cell
electric vehicles (EVs)
Reza
Daneshtalab
r.daneshtalab@gmail.com
1
Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Malek-Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali Reza
Madram
ar.madram@gmail.com
2
Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Malek-Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad Reza
Sovizi
mrsovizi@yahoo.com
3
Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Malek-Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] Chen W. M., Qie L., Yuan L. X., Xia S. A., Hu X. L., Zhang W. X., Huang Y. H., "Insight into the improvement of rate capability and cyclability in LiFePO4/polyaniline composite cathode", Electrochim. Acta, 2011, 56: 2689.
1
[2] Hassoun J., Pfanzelt M., Kubiak P., Wohlfahrt-Mehrens M., Scrosati B., "An advanced configuration TiO2/LiFePO4 polymer lithium ion battery", J. Power Sources, 2012, 217: 459.
2
[3] Reale P., Fernicola A., Scrosati B., "Compatibility of the Py24TFSI–LiTFSI ionic liquid solution with Li4Ti5O12 and LiFePO4 lithium ion battery electrodes", J. Power Sources, 2009, 194: 182.
3
[4] Liu Y., Gorgutsa S., Santato C., Skorobogatiy M., "Flexible, Solid Electrolyte-Based Lithium Battery Composed of LiFePO4 Cathode and Li4Ti5O12 Anode for Applications in Smart Textiles", J. Electrochem. Soc., 2012, 159: A349.
4
[5] Brutti S., Hassoun J., Scrosati B., Lin C. Y., Wu H., Hsieh H. W., "A high power Sn–C/C–LiFePO4 lithium ion battery", J. Power Sources, 2012, 217: 72.
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[6] Hassoun J., Lee D. J., Sun Y. K., Scrosati B., "A lithium ion battery using nanostructured Sn–C anode, LiFePO4 cathode and polyethylene oxide-based electrolyte", Solid State Ionics, 2011, 202: 36.
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[7] Choi D., Wang D., Viswanathan V. V., Bae I. T., Wang W., Nie Z., Zhang J. G., Graff G. L., Liu J., Yang Z., Duong T., "Li-ion batteries from LiFePO4 cathode and anatase/graphene composite anode for stationary energy storage", Electrochem. Commun., 2010, 12: 378.
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[8] Rui X. H., Jin Y., Feng X. Y., Zhang L. C., Chen C. H., "A comparative study on the low-temperature performance of LiFePO4/C and Li3V2(PO4)3/C cathodes for lithium-ion batteries", J. Power Sources, 2011, 196: 2109.
8
[9] Wang H. E., Jin J., Cai Y., Xu J. M., Chen D. S., Zheng X. F., Deng Z., Li Y., Bello I., Su B. L., “Facile and fast synthesis of porous TiO2 spheres for use in lithium ion batteries”, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 2014, 417: 144.
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[10] Pan D., Huang H., Wang X., Wang L., Liao H., Li Z., Wu M., “C-axis preferentially oriented and fully activated TiO2 nanotube arrays for lithium ion batteries and supercapacitors”, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2014, 2: 11454.
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[11] Chiu K. F., Lin K. M., Leu H. J., Chen C. L., Lin C. C., “Fabrication and Characterization of Nano-Crystalline TiO2 Thin Film Electrodes for Lithium Ion Batteries”, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2012, 159: A264.
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[12] He B. L., Dong B., Li H. L., “Preparation and electrochemical properties of Ag-modified TiO2 nanotube anode material for lithium–ion battery”, Electrochem. Commun., 2007, 9: 425.
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[13] Zhang X., Aravindan V., Kumar P. S., Liu H., Sundaramurthy J., Ramakrishna S., Madhavi S., “Synthesis of TiO2 hollow nanofibers by co-axial electrospinning and its superior lithium storage capability in full-cell assembly with olivine phosphate”, Nanoscale, 2013, 5: 5973.
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[14] Zhang J., Zhang J., Ren H., Yu L., Wu Z., Zhang Z., “High rate capability and long cycle stability of TiO2−δ–La composite nanotubes as anode material for lithium ion batteries”, J. Alloys Compd., 2014, 609: 178.
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[15] Qin G., Zhang H., Wang C., “Ultrasmall TiO2 nanoparticles embedded in nitrogen doped porous graphene for high rate and long life lithium ion batteries”, J. Power Sources, 2014, 272: 491.
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[20] Suresh Kumar P., Aravindan V., Sundaramurthy J., Thavasi V., Mhaisalkar S. G., Ramakrishna S., Madhavi S., “High performance lithium-ion cells using one dimensional electrospun TiO2 nanofibers with spinel cathode”, RSC Adv., 2012, 2: 7983.
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[21] Aravindan V., Sundaramurthy J., Kumar P. S., Shubha N., Ling W. C., Ramakrishna S., Madhavi S., “A novel strategy to construct high performance lithium-ion cells using one dimensional electrospun nanofibers, electrodes and separators”, Nanoscale, 2013, 5: 10636.
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[23] Armstrong G., Armstrong A. R., Bruce P. G., Reale P., Scrosati B., “TiO2(B) Nanowires as an Improved Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries Containing LiFePO4 or LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Cathodes and a Polymer Electrolyte”, Adv. Mater., 2006, 18: 2597.
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[24] Prosini P. P., Cento C., Pozio A., “Lithium-ion batteries based on titanium oxide nanotubes and LiFePO4”, J. Solid State Electrochem., 2014, 18: 795.
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[25] Madram A. R., Daneshtalab R., Sovizi M. R., “Effect of Na+ and K+ co-doping on the structure and electrochemical behaviors of LiFePO4/C cathode material for lithium-ion batteries”, RSC Adv., 2016, 6: 101477.
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[26] Lee S., Park I. J., Kim D. H., Seong W. M., KimD. W., Han G. S., Kim J. Y., Jung H. S., Hong K. S., “Crystallographically preferred oriented TiO2 nanotube arrays for efficient photovoltaic energy conversion”, Energy & Environ. Sci., 2012, 5: 7989.
26
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27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Three-dimensional modeling of transport phenomena in a planar anode-supported solid oxide fuel cell
In this article three dimensional modeling of a planar solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) was investigated. The main objective was to attain the optimized cell operation. SOFC operation simulation involves a large number of parameters, complicated equations, (mostly partial differential equations), and a sophisticated simulation technique; hence, a finite element method (FEM) multiphysics approach was employed. This can provide 3D localized information within the fuel cell. In this article, SOFC efficiency improvement has been investigated based on optimization parameters. For the first time, radiation heat transfer equations were considered in addition to the effects of conduction and convection heat transfer in 3D simulation in a planar cell. This effect has been neglected in all previous SOFCs simulations. Based on the proposed equations, the emissivity effect on temperature distribution was studied. The maximum location is where temperature and hydrogen mass fraction are high in the fuel. Radiation heat transfer between the channel wall and the fluid and also in between the cell and ambient outside have been employed. Minimizing the ohmic drop by optimizing the cathode layer thickness is another new aspect in this research. According to this optimization simulation, it is possible to achieve maximum current density.
https://hfe.irost.ir/article_524_b9997efd79f2a584a90bfeeb8b745977.pdf
2017-09-02
37
52
10.22104/ijhfc.2017.2342.1144
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Anode-supported
Modeling
Radiation heat transfer
Optimization simulation
Iman
Mohammad Ebrahimi
ebrahimi_iman90@yahoo.com
1
Department of Chemical Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad H.
Eikani *
eikani@irost.ir
2
Department of Chemical Technologies, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST)
AUTHOR
[1] Myung, J. H., Ko., H. J., Lee J. J., Hyun S. H., “Optimization of Distributed Cylindrical Interconnect Ribs for Anode- and Cathode-Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cell”, International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 2011, 6: 1617.
1
[2] Momirlan M., Veziroglu T., “Recent directions in world hydrogen production”, Renew Sustain Rev, 1999, 3: 219.
2
[3] Ryan O’Hayre, Suk-Won Cha, Whitney Colella, Fritz B., Prinz., 3nd edition, Fuel Cell Fundamentals, Wiley, 2016.
3
[4] Subhash C. S., Kendall K., 1st , ed., High-temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Fundamentals, Design and Applications, 2003.
4
[5] Yakabe H., Ogiwara T., Hishinuma M., Yasuda I., “3-D model calculation for planar SOFC”, J Power Sources, 2001, 102: 144.
5
[6] Autissier N., Larrain D., Van Herle J., Favrat D, “CFD simulation tool for solid oxide fuel cells”, J Power Sources, 2004, 131: 313.
6
[7] Andreassi L., Toro C., Ubertini S., “Modeling carbon monoxide direct oxidation in solid oxide fuel cells”. In Proceedings ASME European Fuel Cell Technology and Applications Conference, 2007: 39057.
7
[8] Ni M, “2D thermal fluid modeling and parametric analysis of a planar solid oxide fuel cell”, Energy Convers Manage, 2010, 51: 714.
8
[9] Pfafferodt M., Heidebrecht P., Stelter M., Sunmacher K., “Model-based prediction of suitable operating range of a SOFC for an Auxiliary power unit”, J Power Sources, 2005, 149: 53.
9
[10] Andersson M., Yuan J., Sunde´n. B, “SOFC modeling considering electrochemical reactions at the active three phase boundaries", Int J Heat Mass Transfer, 2012, 55: 773.
10
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44
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Integration of a Vanadium Redox Flow Battery with a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell as an Energy Storage System
The proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell is a green energy producer which converts chemical energy to electricity in high yield. Alternatively, the vanadium redox flow battery (VRB) is one of the best rechargeable batteries because of its capability to average loads and output power sources. These two systems are modeled by Nernst equation and electrochemical rules. An effective energy generator should be able to operate with a new type of energy storage mechanism which would increase the capacity and stability of the comprehensive system using the proposed integrated system. Therefore, in this presented study a VRB as an energy storage system along with a PEM fuel cell has been modeled for peak shaving purpose. A transient model was created as a novel approach to predict cell operation condition, based on electrochemical equations and the battery equivalent circuit concept. Results showed that charging the VRB for one day with surplus produced electricity from the fuel cell will increase the total delivered power of the integrated system up to 50%.
https://hfe.irost.ir/article_528_5d37c17964be61c125bdeeacc8e78f8e.pdf
2017-09-02
53
68
10.22104/ijhfc.2017.2281.1140
Vanadium Redox Battery
Proton exchange membrane fuel cell
Nernst Equation
Transient Model
Energy Storage System
Hassan Ali
Ozgoli
a.ozgoli@irost.ir
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), P.O. Box: 3353-5111, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Hamid
Yazdani
h.yazdani@pnu.ac.ir
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
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42
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The effect of increasing the multiplicity of flow fields contact surface on the performance of PEM fuel cell
In this paper, three innovative 3-D geometries for flow fields of cathode and anode have been developed to investigate the comparative impact of increasing the multiplicity of the involved anode-cathode channel surface contact on the efficiency of electrochemical reaction via the same membrane electrode assembly (MEA) active area. In the introduced new models, each anode channel includes two, three and four cathodes while the convectional model include a one to one connection. The governing equations consist of mass, momentum and energy conservation. In addition, the species transport and the electric/ionic fields were solved numerically using the finite volume method under the assumptions of steady state and non-isothermal fluid flow. Simulation results revealed that increasing the multiplicity of the anode-cathode involved surface of reactants channel leads to current and power density enhancement due to the improved opportunity of reactants penetration and less concentration losses. Also, a considerable reduction of mono-cell volume size and costs for the new models in comparison with the base design was achieved.
https://hfe.irost.ir/article_534_9d2ba6b389d3e9c4d3fca3476bce68c7.pdf
2017-09-06
69
83
10.22104/ijhfc.2017.2117.1132
PEM fuel cell
Power density
reactive area
electrochemical reaction
Farzin
Ramin
sb.islami@gmail.com
1
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Sima
Baheri Islami
baheri@tabrizu.ac.ir
2
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Siamak
Hossainpour
hossainpour@sut.ac.ir
3
Mechanical Engineering Faculty, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
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