ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Nanostructured Palladium-Doped Silica Membrane Layer Synthesis for Hydrogen Separation: Effect of Activated Sublayers
Palladium doped silica membranes were synthesized by the sol-gel method using two different procedures. The first palladium-doped silica membrane (M1) was synthesized with a coating of four layers of silica-palladium sol. The second membrane (M2) was synthesized with a coating of two silica layers followed by a coating of two silica-palladium layers. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) proved the formation of uniform γ-alumina interlayers on the supports. SEM results for M1 showed that synthesis of a membrane with this procedure leads to the formation of crack on the membrane selective layer. Single gas permeation measurements of H2 and N2 were carried out at room temperature, 100 °C and 550 °C. Gas permeation results revealed that Knudsen diffusion was dominant in permeation of these gases through membrane M1 while the dominant mechanism in permeation of gases through membrane M2 was activated transport which has exhibited different behavior in comparison with M1. This result is due to the activated sublayers of membrane M2. In this case, H2 permeance increases and N2 permeance decreases with increasing temperature, leading to better separation perforamce of membrane M2 over M1 in separation of H2. Therefore, using the activated silica sublayer in the synthesis of M2 can be used as a high potential method to synthesize a selective palladium-doped silica membrane.
https://hfe.irost.ir/article_790_a6c4bc8b3d1273e0490b02e5c8411687.pdf
2019-06-01
1
9
10.22104/ijhfc.2019.3143.1177
Hydrogen Separation
Silica membrane
Palladium-doped
Nanostructured silica sublayers
Activated transport
Masoud
Majidi Beiragh
ma_majidi@sut.ac.ir
1
Nanostructure Material Research Center, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Ahmad
Gholizade Atani
ahmad.gholizade23@gmail.com
2
Nanostructure Material Research Center, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Nesa
Rafia
nesa.rafia@gmail.com
3
Nanostructure Material Research Center, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali Akbar
Babaluo
a.babaluo@sut.ac.ir
4
Nanostructure Materials Research Center (NMRC)
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad
Vaezi
m_vaezi@sut.ac.ir
5
Nanostructure Material Research Center (NMRC), Sahand University of Technology
AUTHOR
[1] Adhikari S. and Fernando S. "Hydrogen Membrane Separation Techniques", Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2006, 45: 875.
1
[2] Battersby S., Smart S., Ladewig B., Liu Sh., Duke M., Rudolph V. and Costa C. D. "Hydrothermal stability of cobalt silica membranes in a water gas shift membrane reactor". Separation and Purification Technology, 2009, 66: 299.
2
[3] Yang J., Fan W. and Bell C. “Effect of calcination atmosphere on microstructure and H2/CO2 separation of palladium-doped silica membranes”, Separation and Purification Technology, 2019: Accepted Manuscript.
3
[4] Uhlmann D., Liu Sh., Ladewig B. and Costa C. D. "Cobalt-doped silica membranes for gas separation". Journal of Membrane Science, 2009, 326: 316.
4
[5] Li G., Kanezashi M. and Tsuru T. "Preparation of organic–inorganic hybrid silica membranes using organoalkoxysilanes: The effect of pendant groups". Journal of Membrane Science, 2011, 379: 287.
5
[6] Battersby S., Tasaki T., Smart S., Ladewig B., Liu Sh., Duke M., Rudolph V. and Costa C. D. "Performance of cobalt silica membranes in gas mixture separation". Journal of membrane science, 2011, 329: 91.
6
[7] Burgraff A. J. and Cot L. “Fundamental of Inorganic Membrane Science and Technology”. Membranes Science and Technology Series, Elsevier, Amesterdam, 1996:4.
7
[8] Ayral A., Julbe A., Rouessac V., Roualdes S. and Durand J. “Microporous Silica Membranes – Basic Principles and Recent Advances”. Membrane Science and Technology, 2008, 13: 33-79.
8
[9] Igi R., Yoshioka T., Ikuhara Y. H., Iwamoto Y. and Tsuru T. "Characterization of Co-Doped Silica for Improved Hydrothermal Stability and Application to Hydrogen Separation Membranes at High Temperatures". Journal of American Ceramic Society, 2008, 91: 2975.
9
[10] Ballinger B., Motuzas J., Smart S. and Costa C. D. "Palladium cobalt binary doping of molecular sieving silica membranes", Journal of Membrane Science, 2014, 451: 185.
10
[11] Kanezashi M., Sano M., Yoshioka T. and Tsuru T. "Extremely thin Pd–silica mixed matrix membranes with nano-dispersion for improved hydrogen permeability". Chemical Communications, 2010, 46: 6171.
11
[12] Kanezashi M. and Asaeda M. "Hydrogen permeation characteristics and stability of Ni-doped silica membranes in steam at high temperature". Journal of Membrane Science, 2006, 271: 86.
12
[13] Smart S., Vente J. F. and Costa C. D. "High temperature H2/CO2 separation using cobalt oxide silica membranes". International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2012, 37: 12700.
13
[14] Lee D., Yu Ch. and Lee K. "Synthesis of Pd particle-deposited microporous silica membranes via a vacuum-impregnation method and their gas permeation behavior". Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2008, 325: 447.
14
[15] Kanezashi M., Fuchigami D., Yoshioka T. and Tsuru T. "Control of Pd dispersion in sol–gel-derived amorphous silica membranes for hydrogen separation at high temperatures". Journal of Membrane Science, 2013, 439: 78.
15
[16] Jabbari A., Ghasemzadeh K., Khajavi P., Assa F., Abdi M. A., Babaluo A. A. and Basile A. "Surface modification of alpha-alumina support in synthesis of silica membrane for hydrogen purification". International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2014, 39: 18585.
16
[17] Uhlhorn R., Keizer K. and Burggraaf A."Synthesis of ceramic membranes part I synthesis of non-supported and supported γ-alumina membranes without defects". Journal of Material Science, 1992, 27: 527-537.
17
[18] Mohammadi Z., Rafia N. and Babaluo A. A. "Microporous silica membranes for hydrogen separation". Proceeding of the 9th International Chemical Engineering Congress & Exhibition, Shiraz, December, 2015: 26.
18
[19] Tsai C., Tam S., Lu Y. and Brinker C. “Dual-layer asymmetric microporous silica membranes”. Journal of Membrane Science, 2000, 169: 255–268.
19
[20] Ballinger B., Motuzas J., Smart S. and Costa J. “Palladium cobalt binary doping of molecular sieving silica membranes”, Membrane Sciene and Technology, 2014, 451: 185-191.
20
[21] A. Darmawan, ., Motuzas J., Smart S., A. Julbe A. and Costa J. “Binary iron cobalt oxide silica membrane for gas separation”, Journal of Membrane Science, 2015, 474: 32-38.
21
[22] Ballinger B., Motuzas J., Smart S. and Costa J. “Gas permeation redox effecton binary lanthanum cobalt silica Membranes with enhanced silicate formation”, Journal of Membrane Science, 2015, 489: 220-226.
22
[23] Yang J., Fan W. Hou H., Guo Y. Jia D. and Xing X. “Effect of DMF addition on the phase-chemical structure of Pd-doped methyl-modified silica membrane materials calcined in air atmosphere”, Ferroelectrics, 2018, 528: 83-89.
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
An Experimental Investigation on Simultaneous Effects of Oxygen Ratio and Flow-Rate in SOFCs Performance Fueled by a Mixture of Methane and Oxygen
Catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX) has recently received particular attention because it is one of the most attractive technologies for the production of syngas and hydrogen in small to medium scales. Current study subjected to partial oxidation reforming which have simultaneously studied the effect of the fuel composition and flow rates of methane-oxygen mixed gas on the SOFCs performances. In this regard, the Reynolds number at the fuel channel inlet represents the mixture of methane and air mass flow rate. Moreover, the amount of oxygen ratio indicates the fuel composition. The results showed that the peak of power density (PPD) strongly depends upon both the Reynolds number at the fuel channel inlet and oxygen ratio. However, with the changes in Reynolds number or oxygen ratio, the oscillating behavior of PPD was observed. A dimensionless parameter can be introduced to take into account simultaneously the effect of oxygen ratio and Reynolds number of fuel on the PPD value. Considering the risk of carbon deposition as a constraint for selecting of oxygen ratio, the highest PPD corresponds to the methane/oxygen flow rates of 100/20 ccm for the applied methane/oxygen flow rates. The electrochemical experimental testing showed a stable performance of the SOFC in this condition and confirmed its durability after 120 hours testing.
https://hfe.irost.ir/article_824_c9767d839ef3da2c50481c9e09358636.pdf
2019-06-01
11
22
10.22104/ijhfc.2019.3591.1189
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs)
Catalytic Partial Oxidation (CPOX)
Methane
Direct reforming
Reynolds number
MOSTAFA
FARNAK
m.farnak@gmail.com
1
Mech. Eng. Dept., Faculty of Eng., Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Javad
Abolfazli Esfahani
abolfazl@um.ac.ir
2
a Mech. Eng. Dept., Faculty of Eng., Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Shahriar
Bozorgmehri
sbozorgmehri@nri.ac.ir
3
Niroo Research Institute (NRI)
AUTHOR
[1] A. Di Filippi, Development and experimental validation of CPOx reforming dynamic model for fault detection and isolation in SOFC systems, (2015).
1
[2] M. Sorrentino, C. Pianese, Control oriented modeling of solid oxide fuel cell auxiliary power unit for transportation applications, Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology, 6 (2009) 041011.
2
[3] D. Hickman, L.D. Schmidt, Steps in CH4 oxidation on Pt and Rh surfaces: High‐temperature reactor simulations, AIChE Journal, 39 (1993) 1164-1177.
3
[4] S.C. Singhal, K. Kendall, High-temperature solid oxide fuel cells: fundamentals, design and applications, Elsevier, (2003) 1-20.
4
[5] M. Sorrentino, Development of a hierarchical structure of models for simulation and control of planar solid oxide fuel cells, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Salerno, Italy, (2006).
5
[6] H. Zhang, J. Chen, J. Zhang, Performance analysis and parametric study of a solid oxide fuel cell fueled by carbon monoxide, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 38 (2013) 16354-16364.
6
[7] H. Xu, B. Chen, H. Zhang, W. Kong, B. Liang, M. Ni, The thermal effect in direct carbon solid oxide fuel cells, Applied Thermal Engineering, 118 (2017) 652-662.
7
[8] S. Cordiner, M. Feola, V. Mulone, F. Romanelli, Analysis of a SOFC energy generation system fuelled with biomass reformate, Applied Thermal Engineering, 27 (2007) 738-747.
8
[9] L. Fan, L. Van Biert, A.T. Thattai, A. Verkooijen, P. Aravind, Study of methane steam reforming kinetics in operating solid oxide fuel cells: influence of current density, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 40 (2015) 5150-5159.
9
[10] Y. Wang, F. Yoshiba, M. Kawase, T. Watanabe, Performance and effective kinetic models of methane steam reforming over Ni/YSZ anode of planar SOFC, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 34 (2009) 3885-3893.
10
[11] V. Liso, G. Cinti, M.P. Nielsen, U. Desideri, Solid oxide fuel cell performance comparison fueled by methane, MeOH, EtOH and gasoline surrogate C8H18, Applied Thermal Engineering, 99 (2016) 1101-1109.
11
[12] Y. Yang, X. Du, L. Yang, Y. Huang, H. Xian, Investigation of methane steam reforming in planar porous support of solid oxide fuel cell, Applied Thermal Engineering, 29 (2009) 1106-1113.
12
[13] M. Martinelli, Application of the spatially resolved
13
sampling technique to the analysis and optimal design of a
14
CH4-CPO reformer with honeycomb catalyst,University of POLITECNICO DI MILANO,Faculty of Engineering of Industrial Processes Department of Energy, Phd Thesis (2011),5-121.
15
[14] S. Sui, G. Xiu, 14-Fuels and fuel processing in SOFC applications, in: High-temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells for the 21st Century, Academic Press Boston, (2016) 461-495.
16
[15] T. Lakshmi, P. Geethanjali, P.S. Krishna, Mathematical modelling of solid oxide fuel cell using Matlab/Simulink, in: 2013 Annual International Conference on Emerging Research Areas and 2013 International Conference on Microelectronics, Communications and Renewable Energy, IEEE, (2013) 1-5.
17
[16] D. Lee, J. Myung, J. Tan, S.-H. Hyun, J.T. Irvine, J. Kim, J. Moon, Direct methane solid oxide fuel cells based on catalytic partial oxidation enabling complete coking tolerance of Ni-based anodes, Journal of Power Sources, 345 (2017) 30-40.
18
[17] B.E. Buergler, A.N. Grundy, L.J. Gauckler, Thermodynamic equilibrium of single-chamber SOFC relevant methane–air mixtures, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 153 (2006) A1378-A1385.
19
[18] A. Baldinelli, L. Barelli, G. Bidini, A. Di Michele, R. Vivani, SOFC direct fuelling with high-methane gases: Optimal strategies for fuel dilution and upgrade to avoid quick degradation, Energy Conversion and Management 124 (2016), 492-503.
20
[19] F. Priyakorn, N. Laosiripojana, S. Assabumrungrat, Modeling of solid oxide fuel cell with internal reforming operation fueled by natural gas, Journal of Sustainable Energy & Environment, 2 (2011), 187-194.
21
[20] B.E. Poling, J.M. Prausnitz, J.P. O'connell, The properties of gases and liquids, Mcgraw-hill New York, 2001.
22
[21] M.J. Rhodes, M. Rhodes, Introduction to particle technology, John Wiley & Sons, 2008.
23
[22] O. Yamamoto, Solid oxide fuel cells: fundamental aspects and prospects, Electrochimica acta, 45 (2000) 2423-2435.
24
[23] C.O. Colpan, F. Hamdullahpur, I. Dincer, Transient heat transfer modeling of a solid oxide fuel cell operating with humidified hydrogen, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 36 (2011) 11488-11499.
25
[24] P. Iora, P. Aguiar, C. Adjiman, N. Brandon, Comparison of two IT DIR-SOFC models: Impact of variable thermodynamic, physical, and flow properties. Steady-state and dynamic analysis, Chemical Engineering Science, 60 (2005) 2963-2975.
26
[25] Y. Lin, Z. Zhan, J. Liu, S.A. Barnett, Direct operation of solid oxide fuel cells with methane fuel, Solid State Ionics, 176 (2005) 1827-1835.
27
[26] H. Aslannejad, L. Barelli, A. Babaie, S. Bozorgmehri, Effect of air addition to methane on performance stability and coking over NiO–YSZ anodes of SOFC, Applied Energy, 177 (2016) 179-186.
28
[27] M. Pillai, Y. Lin, H. Zhu, R.J. Kee, S.A. Barnett, Stability and coking of direct-methane solid oxide fuel cells: Effect of CO2 and air additions, Journal of Power Sources, 195 (2010) 271-279.
29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Generalization of a CFD Model to Predict the Net Power in PEM Fuel Cells
Qualitatively, it is known that the reactants content within the catalyst layer (CL) is the driving moments for the kinetics of reaction within the CL. This paper aimed to quantitatively express the level of enhancement in electrical power due to enrichment in the oxygen content. For a given MEA, a flow field (FF) designer is always willing to design a FF to maximize the content of oxygen in all regions of the CL. Using the guidelines provided in this paper, FF-designers can predict the enhancement in electrical power achieved due to 1% enrichment in oxygen content within the CL without cumbrous CFD computations. A three dimensional CFD tool has been used to answer to this question. It simulates a steady, single-phase flow of the reactant-product, a moist air mixture, in the air side electrode of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The task was performed for different channel geometries, all parallel straight flow fields (FF), and a relationship between the oxygen content at the face of the CL and the cell net power was developed. It is observed that at V=0.35 V, for 1% enrichment in oxygen content within the CL, the net power was enhanced by 3.5%.
https://hfe.irost.ir/article_793_49e11e9a1acc9bfdd342b2e35ccaa3d9.pdf
2019-06-01
23
37
10.22104/ijhfc.2019.3176.1179
Fuel Cells
Flow Field Design
Performance Prediction
CFD
Asrin
Ghanbarian
asringh@gmail.com
1
Department of Aerospace Engineering Amirkabir University of Technology -AUT- (Tehran Polytechnic) 424 Hafez Ave., Tehran, Iran, P. Code 15875-4413
AUTHOR
Mohammad Jafar
Kermani
mkermani@aut.ac.ir
2
Amirkabir Uni. of Tech., Hafez Ave., 15875-4413 Tehran, Iran Adjunct Fellow, Center for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research (ZSW) 89081 Ulm, Germany
LEAD_AUTHOR
Joachim
Scholta
joachim.scholta@web.de
3
Zentrum fuer Sonnenenergie-und Wasserstoff-Forschung (ZSW) Center for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research Helmholtzstr. 8, 89081 Ulm, Germany
AUTHOR
[1] X. Wang, Y. Duan, W. Yan, X. Peng, Local Transport Phenomena and Cell Performance of PEM Fuel Cells with Various Serpentine Flow Field Designs, J. Power Sources, 175(2008) 397-407.
1
[2] P. Ramesh, S.P. Duttagupta, Effect of Channel Dimensions on Micro PEM Fuel Cell Performance Using 3D Modeling, Int. J. Renewable Energy Res, 3(2)(2013) 353-358.
2
[3] H.R. Choghadi, M.J. Kermani, 15% Efficiency Enhancement Using Novel Partially Interdigitated Serpentine Flow Field for PEM Fuel Cells, 10th International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies SET2011, Istanbul, Turkey, 2011.
3
[4] D.M. Bernardi, M.W. Verbrugge, A Mathematical Model of the Solid-Polymer-Electrolyte Fuel Cell, J. Electrochem., 139(9)(1992) 2477-2491.
4
[5] M. Khakbaz-Baboli, M.J. Kermani, A Two-Dimensional, Transient, Compressible Isothermal and Two-Phase Model for the Air Side Electrode of PEM Fuel Cell, J. Electrochemical Acta, 53(2008) 7644-7654.
5
[6] O. Okada, K. Yokoyama, Development of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Cogeneration Systems for Residential Applications, Fuel Cells- From Fundamentals to Systems, 1(1)(2001).
6
[7] M. Thoennes, A. Busse, L. Eckstein, Forecast of Performance Parameters of Automotive Fuel Cell Systems – Delphi Study Results, Fuel Cells- From Fundamentals to Systems, 14(6)(2014) 781- 791.
7
[8] C. Wieser, Novel Polymer Electrolyte Membrane for Automotive Applications Requirements and Benefits, Fuel Cells- From Fundamentals to Systems, 4(4)(2004) 245- 250.
8
[9]P. Britz, N. Zartenar, PEM Fuel Cell Systems for Residential Applications, Fuel Cells- From Fundamentals to Systems, 4(4)(2004) 269- 275.
9
[10] B.K. Kakati, V. Mohan, Development of Low-Cost Advanced Composite Bipolar Plate for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell, Fuel Cells- From Fundamentals to Systems, 8(1)(2008) 45- 51.
10
[11] O. Shamarina, A.A.Kulikovsky, A.V. Chertovich, A.R. Khokhlov, A Model for High-Temperature PEM Fuel Cell The Role of Transport in the Cathode Catalyst Layer, Fuel Cells- From Fundamentals to Systems, 12(4) (2012) 577- 582.
11
[12] P.Y. Yi, L.F. Peng, X.M. Lai, D.A. Liu, J. Ni, A Novel Design of Wave-Like PEMFC Stack with Undulate MEAs and Perforated Bipolar Plates, Fuel Cells- From Fundamentals to Systems, 10(1)(2010) 111- 117.
12
[13] K.S. Choi, B.G. Kim, K. Park, H.M. Kim, Current Advances in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells Based on the Promotional Role of Under-rib Convection, Fuel Cells- From Fundamentals to Systems, 12(6)(2012) 908- 938.
13
[14] D. Tehlar, R. Fluckiger, A. Wokaun, F.N. Buchi, Investigation of Channel-to-Channel Cross Convection in Serpentine Flow Fields, Fuel Cells- From Fundamentals to Systems, 10(6)(2010) 1040- 1049.
14
[15] J. Wang, H. Wang, Flow-Field Designs of Bipolar Plates in PEM Fuel Cells Theory and Applications, Fuel Cells- From Fundamentals to Systems, 12(6)(2012) 989- 1003.
15
[16] H.C. Liu, W.M. Yan, C.Y. Soong, F. Chen, H.S. Chu, Reactant Gas Transport and Cell Performance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells with Tapered Flow Field Design, J. Power Sources 158 (2006) 78-87.
16
[17] P. Ramesh, S.P. Duttagupta, Effect of Channel Dimensions on Micro PEM Fuel Cell Performance Using 3D Modeling, Int. J. renewable energy research, 3(2)(2013).
17
[18] M.J. Kermani, J.Scholta, Influences of a More Satisfactory Catalyst Layer Boundary Conditions in the Design of PEM Fuel Cell Flow Fields, 14th Ulm Electrochemical Talks, Ulm, Germany, 2014.
18
[19] A. Ghanbarian, M.J. Kermani, J. Scholta, M. Abdollahzadeh, Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Flow Field Design Criteria- Application to Parallel Serpentine Flow Patterns, Energy conversion andmanagement, 166(2018)281-296.
19
[20] S. Hasmady, M.P. Wacker, K. Fushinobu, K. Okazaki, Treatment of Heterogeneous Electro Catalysis in Modeling Transport Reaction Phenomena in PEFCS, ASME-JSME Thermal Engineering Summer Heat Transfer Conference, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, 2007.
20
[21] N. Akhtar, A. Qureshi, J. Scholta, Ch. Hartnig, M. Messerschmidt, W. Lehnert, Investigation of Water Droplet Kinetics and Optimization of Channel Geometry for PEM Fuel Cell Cathodes, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 34 (2009) 3104 – 3111.
21
[22] M. Klages, S. Enz, H. Markötter, I. Manke, N. Kardjilov, J. Scholta, Investigations on Dynamic Water Transport Characteristics in Flow Field Channels Using Neutron Imaging Techniques, J. Power Sources 239 (2013) 596-603.
22
[23] A. Ghanbarian, M.J. Kermani, Performance Improvement of PEM Fuel Cells Using Air Channel Indentation; Part I: Mechanisms to Enrich Oxygen Concentration in Catalyst Layer, Iranian J. Hydrogen and Fuel Cell, 3(2014) 199-207.
23
[24] A. Ghanbarian, M.J. Kermani, Enhancement of PEM Fuel Cell Performance by Flow Channel Indentation, Energy Conversion and management, 110 (2016) 356–366.
24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Green in-situ Fabrication of PtW/Poly Ethylen Dioxy Thiophene/Graphene Nanoplates/Gas Diffusion Layer (PtW/ PEDOT /GNP/GDL) Electrode and its Electrocatalytic Property for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells Application
In this study nanocomposite films of PtW nanoparticles deposited on a poly ethylen dioxy thiophene/graphene nanoplates/gas diffusion layer (PEDOT/GNP/GDL) electrode are fabricated via an electrochemical route involving a series of electrochemical process. GNPs are in situ reduced on carbon paper covered with 3, 4 ethylen dioxy thiophene during the in situ polymerization of EDOT. PtW nanoparticles 18.57nm in average size are prepared by electrodeposition on the surface of PEDOT/GNP/GDL. Field emission scanning electronic microscopy (FESEM) images showed spongy aggregates of PEDOT densely cover the surface and edges of the GNP layers, implying the existence of a strong interaction between PEDOT and GNP. Based on electrochemical characterization, it was found that the as prepared electrode exhibited comparable activity for the methanol oxidation (MEOH) reaction with respect to commercial Pt/C/GDL based on the traditional sprayed method. A significant reduction in the potential of the CO electro-oxidation peak from 0.92V for Pt/C to 0.75V for the PtW/PEDOT/GNP/GDL electrode indicates that an increase in the activity for CO electro-oxidation is achieved by replacing Pt with PtW. This may be attributed to structural changes caused by alloying and the increased conductivity and high specific surface area of PEDOT and GNPs catalyst support, respectively. CV scanning results showed that the PtW/PEDOT/GNP/GDL electrode has greater stability than the Pt/C/GDL electrode.
https://hfe.irost.ir/article_835_0b3eef983008daad7b5326345a27fc13.pdf
2019-06-01
39
58
10.22104/ijhfc.2019.3549.1187
Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC)
Galvanostatic Electrodeposition
graphene nanoplates
Platinum-Tungsten (PtW) Nanoparticles
fuel cell
Poly Ethylen Dioxy Thiophene (PEDOT)
Maryam
Yaldagard
myaldagard@gmail.com
1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Urmia University, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
[1] Costamagna P. and Srinivasan S., "Quantum jumps in the PEMFC science and technology from the 1960s to the year 2000: Part II. Engineering, technology development and application aspects", J. Power Sources, 2001,102: 253.
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[2] Carrette L., Friedrich K. and Stimming U., "Fuel cells–fundamentals and applications", Fuel cells, 2001,1: 5.
2
[3] Wang J., Wasmus S. and Savinell R., "Evaluation of Ethanol, 1‐Propanol, and 2‐Propanol in a Direct Oxidation Polymer‐Electrolyte Fuel Cell A Real‐Time Mass Spectrometry Study", J. Electrochem. Soc., 1995,142: 4218.
3
[4] Schmidt V.M., Ianniello R., Pastor E. and González S., "Electrochemical reactivity of ethanol on porous Pt and PtRu: Oxidation/reduction reactions in 1 M HClO4", J. Phys. Chem., 1996,100: 17901.
4
[5] Arico A., Srinivasan S. and Antonucci V., "DMFCs: from fundamental aspects to technology development", Fuel cells, 2001,1: 133.
5
[6] Vigier F., Coutanceau C., Perrard A., Belgsir E. and Lamy C., "Development of anode catalysts for a direct ethanol fuel cell", J. Appl. Electrochem., 2004,34: 439.
6
[7] Stamenkovic V.R., Fowler B., Mun B.S., Wang G., Ross P.N., Lucas C.A. and Marković N.M., "Improved oxygen reduction activity on Pt3Ni (111) via increased surface site availability", science, 2007,315: 493.
7
[8] Zhang J., Sasaki K., Sutter E. and Adzic R., "Stabilization of platinum oxygen-reduction electrocatalysts using gold clusters", Science, 2007,315: 220.
8
[9] Zhang J., Vukmirovic M.B., Xu Y., Mavrikakis M. and Adzic R.R., "Controlling the Catalytic Activity of Platinum‐Monolayer Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction with Different Substrates", Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2005,44: 2132.
9
[10] Chen Z., Waje M., Li W. and Yan Y., "Supportless Pt and PtPd Nanotubes as Electrocatalysts for Oxygen‐Reduction Reactions", Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2007,46: 4060.
10
[11] Tian N., Zhou Z.-Y., Sun S.-G., Ding Y. and Wang Z.L., "Synthesis of tetrahexahedral platinum nanocrystals with high-index facets and high electro-oxidation activity", science, 2007,316: 732.
11
[12] Gong K., Du F., Xia Z., Durstock M. and Dai L., "Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube arrays with high electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction", science, 2009,323: 760.
12
[13] Lim B., Jiang M., Camargo P.H., Cho E.C., Tao J., Lu X., Zhu Y. and Xia Y., "Pd-Pt bimetallic nanodendrites with high activity for oxygen reduction", science, 2009,324: 1302.
13
[14] He T. and Kreidler E., "Combinatorial screening of PtTiMe ternary alloys for oxygen electroreduction", Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys, 2008,10: 3731.
14
[15] Moore J.T., Chu D., Jiang R., Deluga G.A. and Lukehart C., "Synthesis and Characterization of Os and Pt− Os/Carbon Nanocomposites and their Relative Performance as Methanol Electrooxidation Catalysts", Chem. Mater., 2003,15: 1119.
15
[16] Park K.-W., Choi J.-H., Kwon B.-K., Lee S.-A., Sung Y.-E., Ha H.-Y., Hong S.-A., Kim H. and Wieckowski A., "Chemical and electronic effects of Ni in Pt/Ni and Pt/Ru/Ni alloy nanoparticles in methanol electrooxidation", J. Phys. Chem. B, 2002,106: 1869.
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[17] Liu Z., Lee J.Y., Han M., Chen W. and Gan L.M., "Synthesis and characterization of PtRu/C catalysts from microemulsions and emulsions", J. Mater. Chem., 2002,12: 2453.
17
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67
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Silica membrane performance for hydrogen separation from methanol steam reforming products: Assessment of different multistage membrane schemes
The aim of this work is a theoretical study of multistage silica membrane configurations for hydrogen purification by methanol steam reforming (MSR) products. Four membrane schemes including single permeator, CMC (continuous membrane column), ISMC ("in series" membrane cascade), and CRC (countercurrent recycle membrane cascade) were considered for this purpose. The modeling results showed that silica membranes have a high potential for high purity (more than 99.9%) hydrogen production. The lowest amounts of compressor duty and the required total membrane area were considered as the objective functions to select the optimal design and amount of hydrogen purification. A comparison of our simulation results of the different multistage membrane schemes showed the CRC configuration was more efficient than the other configurations. The modeling results show that that increasing the retentate side pressure from 2 to 5 bar reduced the total silica membrane area for the CRC scheme by almost 13 times (30.67 and 2.37 cm2 silica membrane area for a retentate side pressure of 2 and 5 bar, respectively).
https://hfe.irost.ir/article_838_369fcd2a673a50e1e5abcdf0230a54a6.pdf
2019-06-01
59
70
10.22104/ijhfc.2019.3535.1186
Silica membrane
Hydrogen Separation
Modeling
multistage membrane schemes
Abbas
Aghaeinejad-Meybodi
a.aghaeinejad@urmia.ac.ir
1
Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Urmia University
LEAD_AUTHOR
Kamran
Ghasemzadeh
a_agaei@sut.ac.ir
2
Chemical Engineering Faculty, Urmia University of Technology
AUTHOR
Angelo
Basile
a.basile@itm.cnr.it
3
Institute on Membrane Technology of the Italian National Research Council (CNR-ITM), Via P. Bucci Cubo 17/C c/o University of Calabria, Rende (CS) – 87046, Italy
AUTHOR
[1] McLellan B., Shoko E., Dicks A. and da Costa J.D., "Hydrogen production and utilisation opportunities for Australia", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2005, 30: 669.
1
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5
[6] Peppley B.A., Amphlett J.C., Kearns L.M. and Mann R.F., "Methanol–steam reforming on Cu/ZnO/Al2O3catalysts. Part 2. A comprehensive kinetic model", Applied Catalysis A: General, 1999, 179: 31.
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[13] Aghaeinejad‐Meybodi A., Ghasemzadeh K., Babaluo A.A., Morrone P. and Basile A., "Modeling study of silica membrane performance for hydrogen separation", Asia‐Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2015,10: 781.
13
[14] Aghaeinejad-Meybodi A., Babaluo A., Shafiei S. and Ghasemzadeh K., "Letter to the Editor on “Approximate solutions for gas permeator separating binary mixtures”[J. Membr. Sci. 66 (1992) 103–118]", Journal of Membrane Science, 2014, 454:109.
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[21] Abdel-Jawad M., Gopalakrishnan S., Duke M., Macrossan M., Schneider P.S. and da Costa J.D., "Flowfields on feed and permeate sides of tubular molecular sieving silica (MSS) membranes", Journal of membrane science, 2007, 299: 229.
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[24] Liu L., Wang D.K., Martens D.L., Smart S. and da Costa J.C.D., "Binary gas mixture and hydrothermal stability investigation of cobalt silica membranes", Journal of Membrane Science, 2015, 493: 470.
24
[25] Aghaeinejad-Meybodi A., Ghasemzadeh K., Babaluo A. and Basile A., "Theoretical analysis of butane isomers separation using various membrane process configurations", International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology, 2015, 2: 45.
25
[26] Ghasemzadeh K., Andalib E. and Basile A., "Evaluation of dense Pd–Ag membrane reactor performance during methanol steam reforming in comparison with autothermal reforming using CFD analysis", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2016, 41: 8745.
26
[27] Ghasemzadeh K., Andalib E. and Basile A., "Modelling Study of Palladium Membrane Reactor Performance during Methan Steam Reforming using CFD Method", Chemical Product and Process Modeling, 2016, 11:17
27
[28] Ghasemzadeh K., Jafari M. and Babalou A.A., "Performance investigation of membrane process in natural gas sweeting by membrane process: Modeling study", Chemical Product and Process Modeling, 2016, 11: 23.
28
[29] Ghasemzadeh K., Morrone P., Iulianelli A., Liguori S., Babaluo A. and Basile A., H2 production in silica membrane reactor via methanol steam reforming: Modeling and HAZOP analysis", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2013, 38:10315.
29
[30] Ghasemzadeh K., Morrone P., Liguori S., Babaluo A. and Basile A., "Evaluation of silica membrane reactor performance for hydrogen production via methanol steam reforming: modeling study", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2013, 38: 16698.
30
[31] Ghasemzadeh K., Zeynali R., Ahmadnejad F., Babalou A. and Basile A., "Investigation of Palladium Membrane Reactor Performance during Ethanol Steam Reforming using CFD Method", Chemical Product and Process Modeling, 2016, 11: 51.
31
[32] Ghasemzadeh K., Zeynali R. and Basile A., "Theoretical study of hydrogen production using inorganic membrane reactors during WGS reaction", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2016, 41: 8696.
32
[33] Ghasemzadeh K., Preparation of nanostructure silica membranes and their performance in membrane reactors for hydrogen production via methanol steam reforming process, PhD thesis, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran, 2013.
33
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Enhancing the CO tolerance of Pt/C as PEM fuel cell anode catalyst by modifying the catalyst synthesis method
The most important challenge in Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells is poisoning of the anode catalyst in the presence of impurities, especially carbon monoxide (CO) in the hydrogen feed. So, synthesis of catalysts with high CO tolerance is important for the commercialization of PEM fuel cells. In this study, a common borohydride reduction method was modified to synthesize a carbon supported Platinum Nanocatalyst (Pt/C) with a higher stability in the presences of CO impurity compared to a commercial Pt/C catalyst. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The electrochemical cyclic voltammetry (CV) test procedure was used to evaluate the catalyst’s resistance to long-term CO exposure. The results showed that the synthesized catalyst’s electrochemical activity for CO electro-oxidation was comparable to commercial Pt/C under the same conditions. Moreover, the endurance of our catalyst for CO electro-oxidation after 100 CV with continuous CO gas bubbling is remarkable compared to the commercial catalyst performance, which dropped about 88 percent from its initial amounts.
https://hfe.irost.ir/article_846_0391c63415ead505f8e969ccfcf62084.pdf
2019-06-01
71
81
10.22104/ijhfc.2019.3664.1192
fuel cell
Cyclic voltammetry
supported nano Platinum
CO electro-oxidation
Shaker
Kheradmandinia
kheradmandi_sh@mapnamd3.com
1
Department of Chemical Technologies, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST),Tehran, IRAN
AUTHOR
Nahid
Khandan
khandan@irost.org
2
Department of Chemical Technologies, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad Hasan
Eikani
eikani@irost.ir
3
Department of Chemical Technologies, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, IRAN
AUTHOR
[1] Pereira L. S., Paganin V. A. and Ticianelli E. A., “Investigation of the CO tolerance mechanism at several Pt-based bimetallic anode electrocatalysts in a PEM fuel cell”, Electrochim. Acta, 2009, 54:1992.
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3
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7
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22
[23] Kheradmandinia SH., Khandan N. and Eikani M.H., “ Synthesis and evaluation of CO electro-oxidation activity of carbon supported SnO2, CoO and Ni nano catalysts for a PEM fuel cell anode “, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2016, 41: 1907.
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25