ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Multi-objective optimization of two hybrid power generation systems for optimum selection of SOFC reactants heat exchangers mid-temperatures
Increasing efficiency and decreasing cost are the main purposes in the design of the power generation systems. In this study two hybrid systems: solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)-gas turbine (GT) and SOFC-GT-steam turbine (ST); are considered. Increasing the SOFC input temperature causes thermodynamics improvement in the hybrid system operation. For this purpose, using two set of SOFC reactants heat exchangers (primary heat exchangers and secondary heat exchangers) are recommended. Selection of The primary heat exchangers output temperature and therefore the secondary heat exchangers input temperature (heat exchangers mid-temperatures) influences on the thermodynamics and economics operation of the hybrid system. This work shows that the annualized cost (ANC) and the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) act in conflict with each other. The MatLab genetic optimization algorithms are used to obtain the optimum solutions. The maximum achievable efficiency is 0.599 and the minimum LCOE is 0.0163 $/kWh. Also results show that the heat exchangers mid-temperature of air has the main role in the operation of the hybrid system.
https://hfe.irost.ir/article_574_d2a89f469c374483a64d3722dacad90e.pdf
2017-09-01
175
188
10.22104/ijhfc.2017.2376.1148
multi-objective optimization
SOFC
Gas turbine
Steam Turbine
heat exchanger
saber
sadeghi
s.sadeghi@kgut.ac.ir
1
1Department of mechanical engineering, Graduate University of advanced technology, Kerman, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
[1] Larminie J. and Dicks A., 2nd ed., Fuel cell systems explained, Academic Press, 2003.
1
[2] Singhal S. C. and Kendel K., 2nd ed., High temperature solid oxide fuel cell: fundamental, design and applications, Academic Press, 2003.
2
[3] Palsson J., Selimovic A. and Sjunnesson L., “Combined solid oxide fuel cell and gas turbine systems for efficient power and heatgeneration”, J. Power Sources, 2000, 86:442.
3
[4] Zhang X., Chan S. H., Li G., Ho H. K., Li J. and Feng Z., “A review of integration strategies for solid oxide fuel cells”, J. Power Sources, 2010, 195:685.
4
[5] Gupta G. K., Marda J. R., Dean A. M., Colclasure A. M., Zhu H. Y. and Kee R. J., “Performance predictions of a tubular SOFC operating on a partially reformed JP-8 surrogate”, J. Power Sources, 2006, 162:553.
5
[6] Ni M., Leung M. K. H. and Leung D. Y. C., “A modeling study on concentration over potentials of a reversible solid oxide fuel cell”, J. Power Sources, 2006, 163:460.
6
[7] Milewski J., Swirski K., Santarelli M. and Leone P., 1st ed., Advanced methods of solid oxide fuel cell modeling, Academic Press, 2011.
7
[8] Huang K. and Goodenough J. B., 1st ed., Solid oxide fuel cell technology: principles, Academic Press, 2009.
8
[9] Wereszczak A., Lara-Curzio E. and Bansal N. P., 1st ed., Advances in solid oxide fuel cells II, Academic Press, 2006.
9
[10] O’Hayre R., Cha S. W., Colella W. and Prinz F. B., 2nd ed., Fuel cell fundamentals, Academic Press, 2009.
10
[11] Chan S. H., Ho H. K., Tian Y., “Modeling of simple hybrid solid oxide fuel cell and gas turbine power plant”, J. Power Sources, 2002, 109:111.
11
[12] Chan S. H., Ho H. K. and Tian Y., “Multi-level modeling of SOFC-gas turbine hybrid system”, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2003, 28:889.
12
[13] Chan S. H., Ho H. K. and Tian Y., “Modeling for part-load operation of solid oxide fuel cell-gas turbine hybrid power plant”, J. Power Sources, 2003, 114:213.
13
[14] Costamagna P., Magistri L. and Massardo A. F., “Design and part-load performance of a hybrid system based on a solid oxide fuel cell reactor and a micro gas turbine”, J. Power Sources, 2001, 96:352.
14
[15] Cheddie D. F., “Thermo-economic optimization of an indirectly coupled solid oxide fuel cell/gas turbine hybrid power plant”, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2011, 36:1702.
15
[16] Cheddie D. F. and Murray R., “Thermo-economic modeling of a solid oxide fuel cell/gas turbine power plant with semi-direct coupling and anode recycling”, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2010, 35:11208.
16
[17] Santin M., Traverso A., Magistri L. and Massardo A., “Thermo-economic analysis of SOFC-GT hybrid systems fed by liquid fuels”, Energy, 2010, 35:1077.
17
[18] Arsalis A., “Thermoeconomic modeling and parametric study of hybrid SOFC-gas turbine-steam turbine power plants ranging from 1.5 to 10 MW”, J. Power Sources, 2008, 181:313.
18
[19] Autissier N., Palazzi F., Marechal F., Van Herle J. and Favrat D., “Thermo-economic optimization of a solid oxide fuel cell, gas turbine hybrid system”, J. Fuel Cell Sci. Technol., 2007, 4:123.
19
[20] Palazzi F., Autissier N., Marechal F. M. A. and Favrat D., “A methodology for thermo-economic modeling and optimization of solid oxide fuel cell systems”, Appl. Therm. Eng., 2007, 27:2703.
20
[21] Ahamdi P. and Dincer I., “Thermodynamic and exergoenvironmental analyses, and multi-objective optimization of a gas turbine power plant”, Appl. Therm. Eng., 2011, 31:2529.
21
[22] Ahamdi P. and Dincer I., “Exergoenvironmental analysis and optimization of a cogeneration plant system using multimodal genetic algorithm (MGA)”, Energy, 2010, 35:5161.
22
[23] Ahmadi P., Rosen M. and Dincer I., “Greenhouse gas emission and exergo-environmental analyses of a trigeneration energy system”, Int. J. Green Gas Control, 2011, 5:1540.
23
[24] Chan S. H., Low C. F. and Ding O. L., “Energy and exergy analysis of simple solid oxide fuel cell power systems”, J. Power Sources, 2002, 103:188.
24
[25] Volkan Akkaya A., “Electrochemical Model for Performance Analysis of a Tubular SOFC”, Int. J. Energy Research, 2007, 31:79.
25
[26] Sadeghi S . and Ameri M., “Study the Combination of Photovoltaic Panels With Different Auxiliary Systems in Grid-Connected Condition”, J. Solar Energy Eng., 2014, 136:636.
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Design and Investigation of Honeycomb End Plates for PEM Fuel Cells
In this article a new structure of PEM fuel cell end plate is presented. The new structure is known as a honeycomb sandwich panel. Several properties of the presented structure, such as mechanical and thermal behavior, as well as its advantages and disadvantages are introduced. The aim of this paper is to reduce the weight of the while maintaining a better compression force on the PEM fuel cell components. By considering a honeycomb sandwich panel, this structure has lighter weight and more strength and flexibility. In this regard, some mechanical experiments and electrical simulations have been done on the honeycomb structure end plates to provide a comparisom between this new structure and the old structure usually made of steel. These mechanical experiments include pressure and bending tests. The results were evaluated in two cases: with foam and no foam. After analyzing the experimental results, it has been concluded that the honeycomb sandwich panel structure for end plates has many advantages that makes it a good alternative to the old endplate structure.
https://hfe.irost.ir/article_585_ebc1d68afbbd291c5963c4ec91df3def.pdf
2018-01-01
189
199
10.22104/ijhfc.2017.2501.1156
PEM fuel cell
End plate
Honeycomb
Optimization
Mostafa
Habibnia
m.habibnia@jouybariau.ac.ir
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jouybar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jouybar, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Peyman
Ghasemi Tamami
peymanghasemi@modares.ac.ir
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Hossein
Sang Davini
peymansari@yahoo.com
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] Habibnia M. et al., "Investigation and optimization of a PEM fuel cell’s electrical and mechanical behavior." Iranian Journal of Hydrogen & Fuel Cell, 2016, 3.1, 1: 10.
1
[2] Fili Mohammad Hossein. et al., "Modeling and experimental study on the sealing gasket of proton exchange membrane fuel cells." Iranian Journal of Hydrogen & Fuel Cell, 2017, 3.3, 213: 220.
2
[3] Habibnia M. et al., "Determination of the effective parameters on the fuel cell effciency, based on sealing behavior of the system." Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2016, 41.40, 18147: 18156.
3
[4] Technical Fabrics Handbook-Reinforcements for composites. Hexcel corporation: USA, 2010.
4
[5] ASTM E290-14, Standard Test Methods for Bend Testing of Material for Ductility, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2014.
5
[6] HexWeb Honeycomb Attributes and Properties, Hexcell, Editor. 2013, Hexcell company: USA.
6
[7] Habibnia Mostafa. et al., "Design and Investigation of Honeycombs", Master Thesis, Islamic Azad University, Sari Branch, 2017.
7
[8] Redux Bonding Technology, Hexcell, Editor, Hexcell Company, 2014.
8
[9] Xiong J. et al., "Shear and bending performance of carbon fiber composite sandwich panels with pyramidal truss cores." Acta Materialia, 2012, 60.4, 1455: 1466.
9
[10] ASTM E290-14, Standard Test Methods for Bend Testing of Material for Ductility, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2014.
10
[11] Ha Na Yu. et al., "Axiomatic design of the sandwich composite end plate for PEMFC in fuel cell vehicles." Composite Structures, 2010, 92.6, 1504: 1511.
11
[12] Siegel Ch. et al., "Approaches for the Modeling of PBI/ H3PO4 Based HT-PEM Fuel Cells." High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells, Springer International Publishing, 2016, 18: 387.
12
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Kinetic study of CO desorption from cathodic electrochemically treated carbon paper supported Pt electrodes
Platinum particles were grown directly by an electrodeposition process on electrochemically treated carbon paper (CP) for kinetic study of carbon monoxide (CO) desorption. The treatment on CP was performed by applying −2 V for cathodic oxidation over 5 min. Treated CP was characterized by FTIR to investigate the oxygen groups on its surface. CO surface coverage at each temperature was determined by monitoring changes in Had (adsorbed hydrogen) desorption charge during CO stripping at different desorption times (300 to 1800 s). CO coverage of the cathodic electrode is lower than non-treated one in all temperatures. Desorption rate constants were calculated for cathodic and non-treated electrodes. From 25 to 85 °C, rate constants for cathodic electrode are higher than the non-treated electrode at all temperatures. The activation energies for desorption, estimated from data obtained by the experiments, are 28480 and 18900 J.mol-1 for non-treated and cathodic electrode, respectively. This shows that CO desorption is easier on the surface of the cathodic electrode than non-treated electrode due to the presence of oxygen surface groups.
https://hfe.irost.ir/article_587_d961065193e625f69572d8695526459d.pdf
2018-01-24
201
207
10.22104/ijhfc.2017.2410.1153
Cathodic treatment
carbon paper
CO Poisoning
Kinetics Desorption
PEM fuel cell
Zeinab
Jabbari
zeynab.jabbari@aut.ac.ir
1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology
AUTHOR
Bahram
Nassernejad
banana@aut.ac.ir
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology
LEAD_AUTHOR
Neda
Afsham
nedaafsham@aut.ac.ir
3
Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology
AUTHOR
Narges
Fallah
nfallah2001@aut.ac.ir
4
Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology
AUTHOR
Mehran
Javanbakht
javanbakht@aut.ac.ir
5
Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology
AUTHOR
[1] López-Cudero A., Solla-Gullón J., Herrero E., Aldaz A.and Feliu J. M., “CO electrooxidation on carbon supported platinum nanoparticles: Effect of aggregation", Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2010, 644: 117.
1
[2] sKangasniemi K. H., Condit D.and Jarvi T., "Characterization of vulcan electrochemically oxidized under simulated PEM fuel cell conditions", Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2004, 151: E125.
2
[3] Jovanović V. M., Tripković D., Tripković A., Kowal A.andStoch J., "Oxidation of formic acid on platinum electrodeposited on polished and oxidized glassy carbon", Electrochemistry communications, 2005, 7: 1039.
3
[4] Hsieh Y.-C., Chang L.-C., Wu P.-W., Lee J.-F.andLiao C.-H., "Facile Surface Functionalization of Carbon/Nafion for Enhancement of Methanol Electro-Oxidation", ECS Transactions, 2010, 33: 2017.
4
[5] Sieben J. M., Duarte M. M.andMayer C., "Electro-Oxidation of Methanol on Pt-Ru Nanostructured Catalysts Electrodeposited onto Electroactivated Carbon Fiber Materials", ChemCatChem, 2010, 2: 182.
5
[6] Jovanović V., Terzić S., Tripković A., Popović K. D.andLović J., "The effect of electrochemically treated glassy carbon on the activity of supported Pt catalyst in methanol oxidation", Electrochemistry communications, 2004, 6: 1254.
6
[7] Bayati M., Abad J. M., Nichols R. J.andSchiffrin D. J., "Substrate structural effects on the synthesis and electrochemical properties of platinum nanoparticles on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite", The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2010, 114: 18439.
7
[8] Sharma S. et al., "Carboxyl group enhanced CO tolerant GO supported Pt catalysts: DFT and electrochemical analysis", Chemistry of Materials, 2014, 26: 6142.
8
[9] de la Fuente J. G. et al., "Functionalization of carbon support and its influence on the electrocatalytic behaviour of Pt/C in H2 and CO electrooxidation", Carbon, 2006, 44: 1919.
9
[10] Duarte M., Pilla A., Sieben J.andMayer C., "Platinum particles electrodeposition on carbon substrates", Electrochemistry communications, 2006, 8: 159.
10
[11] Berenguer R., Marco-Lozar J. P., Quijada C., Cazorla-Amorós D.andMorallon E., "Effect of electrochemical treatments on the surface chemistry of activated carbon", Carbon, 2009, 47: 1018.
11
[12] Jabbari Z., Nassernejad B., Fallah N., Afsham N.andJavanbakhtb M., "Carbon monoxide and methanol oxidations on anodic and cathodic electrochemically treated carbon paper supported Pt, submitted", 2018.
12
[13] Afsham N., Fallah N., Nassernejad B., Jabbari Z.andJavanbakht M., "Temperature dependence study of CO desorption kinetic from Pt electrodeposited on carbon paper fuel cell electrode using a simple electrochemical method ", submitted, 2018.
13
[14] Schwenke K. U., Metzger M., Restle T., Piana M.andGasteiger H. A., "The influence of water and protons on Li2O2 crystal growth in aprotic Li-O2 cells", Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2015, 162: A573.
14
[15] Yoon C.-M. et al., "Electrochemical surface oxidation of carbon nanofibers", Carbon, 2011, 49: 96.
15
[16] Coates J., "Interpretation of infrared spectra, a practical approach", Encyclopedia of analytical chemistry, 2000.
16
[17] Pitois A. et al., "Temperature dependence of CO desorption kinetics at a novel Pt-on-Au/C PEM fuel cell anode", Chemical Engineering Journal, 2010, 162: 314.
17
[18] Davies J.andTsotridis G., "Temperature-dependent kinetic study of CO desorption from Pt PEM fuel cell anodes", The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2008, 112: 3392.
18
[19] Pitois A., Davies J., Pilenga A., Pfrang A.andTsotridis G., "Kinetic study of CO desorption from PtRu/C PEM fuel cell anodes: Temperature dependence and associated microstructural transformations", Journal of Catalysis, 2009, 265: 199.
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Interaction of atomic hydrogen with monometallic Au(100), Cu(100), Pt(100) surfaces and surface of bimetallic Au@Cu(100), Au@Pt(100) overlayer systems: The role of magnetism
The spin-polarized calculations in generalized gradient approximation density–functional theory (GGA–DFT) have been used to show how the existence of second metals can modify the atomic hydrogen adsorption on Au (100), Cu (100), and Pt (100) surfaces. The computed adsorption energies for the atomic hydrogen adsorbed at the surface coverage of 0.125 ML (monolayer) for the monometallic Au (100), Cu (100), Pt (100) and bimetallic Au@Cu (100) and Au@Pt (100) surfaces are 3.98, 5.06, 4.13, 5.30, and 6.36 eV, respectively. Due to the adsorption of hydrogen atoms, the Au atoms of Au (100), Cu atoms of Cu (100), and Pt atoms of Au@Pt (100) surfaces tend to lose the 6s1, 4s1, and 6s1 electrons and reach the 5d10, 3d10, and 5d9 electronic configurations, respectively. In Pt (100), Au@Cu (100), and Au@Pt (100) systems, the spin-up and spin-down bands are asymmetric and shift significantly in opposite directions. Therefore, they are spin polarized; spin paramagnetism is also observed.
https://hfe.irost.ir/article_588_938e92f7cff3b670db3ff47f3f6ff2ef.pdf
2018-01-24
209
218
10.22104/ijhfc.2017.2455.1155
Hydrogen adsorption
Au (100)
Cu (100)
Pt (100)
DFT
Razeih
Habibpour
habibpour@irost.ir
1
Department of Chemical Technologies, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Eslam
Kashi
kashi@irost.ir
2
Department of Chemical Technologies, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] Ferrin P. Kandoia S. Udaykumar Nilekara A. and Mavrikakisa M., “Hydrogen absorption and diffusion on and in transition metal surfaces: A DFT study”, Surf Sci, 2012, 606:7.
1
[2] Edwards P. P. Kuznetsov V. L. David W. I. F. and Brandon N. P., “Hydrogen and fuel cells: Towards a sustainable energy future”, Energy Policy, 2008, 36:4356.
2
[3] Neef H. J., “International overview of hydrogen and fuel cell research”, Energy, 2009, 34: 327.
3
[4] Gupta R. B., 1st ed., Hydrogen Fuel: Production, Transport and Storage, CRC Press, 2009.
4
[5] Haruta M., “When Gold Is Not Noble: Catalysis by Nanoparticles”, Chem Rec, 2003, 3: 75.
5
[6] Ma Z. Dai S., “Design of Novel Structured Gold Nanocatalysts”, ACS Catal, 2011, 1: 805.
6
[7] Ma Z. Dai S., “Development of novel supported gold catalysts: A materials perspective”, Nano Res, 2011, 4:3.
7
[8] Gawande M. B. Rathi A. K. Tucek J. Safarova K. Bundaleski N. Teodoro O. M. N. D. Kvitek L. Varma R. S. and Zboril R., “Magnetic gold nanocatalyst (nanocat-Fe–Au): catalytic applications for the oxidative esterification and hydrogen transfer reactions”, Green Chem, 2014, 16:4137.
8
[9] Lucci F. R. Darby M. T. Mattera M. F. G. Ivimey C. J. Therrien A. J. Michaelides A. Stamatakis M. Charles E. and Sykes H., “Controlling Hydrogen Activation, Spillover, and Desorption with Pd− Au Single-Atom Alloys”, J Phys Chem Lett, 2016, 7:480.
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[10] Kim K. J. and Ahn H. G., “Bimetallic Pt-Au Nanocatalysts on ZnO/Al2O3/Monolith for Air Pollution Control”, J Nanosci Nanotechnol, 2015, 15:6108.
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[11] Babu S. G. Gopiraman M. Deng D., Wei K. Karvembu R. and Kim I. S., “Robust Au–Ag/graphene bimetallic nanocatalyst for multifunctional activity with high synergism”, Chem Eng J, 2016, 300:146.
11
[12] Calzada L. A. Collins S. E. Han C. W, Ortalan V. and Zanella R., “Synergetic Effect of Bimetallic Au-Ru/TiO2 Catalysts for Complete Oxidation of Methanol”, Appl Catal B, 2017, 207: 79.
12
[13] Hashmi A. S. K. and Hutchings G. J., “Gold catalysis”, Angew Chem Int Ed, 2006, 45:7896.
13
[14] Ouyang R. and Li W. X., “First-principles study of the adsorption of Au atoms and Au2 and Au4 clusters on FeO/Pt (111)”, Phys Rev B, 2011, 84:165403.
14
[15] Jalili S. Zeini Isfahani A. and Habibpour R., “Atomic oxygen adsorption on Au (100) and bimetallic Au/M (M = Pt and Cu) surfaces”, Comput Theor Chem, 2012, 989:18.
15
[16] Jalili S. Zeini Isfahani A. and Habibpour R., “DFT investigations on the interaction of oxygen reduction reaction intermediates with Au (100) and bimetallic Au/M (100) (M = Pt, Cu, and Fe) surfaces”, International Journal of Industrial Chemistry, 2013, 4:33.
16
[17] Chen W. Schneider W. F. and Wolverton C., “Trends in atomic adsorption on Pt3M(111) transition metal bimetallic surface overlayers”, J Phys Chem C, 2014, 118:8342.
17
[18] Juarez F. Soldano G. Santos E. Guesmi H. Tielens F. and Mineva T., “Interaction of Hydrogen with Au Modified by Pd and Rh in View of Electrochemical Applications”, Computation, 2016, 4:26.
18
[19] Giannozzi P. Baroni S. Bonini N. Calandra M. Car R. Cavazzoni C. Ceresoli D. Chiarotti G. L. Cococcioni M. Dabo I. Dal Corso A. Fabris S. Fratesi G. de Gironcoli S. Gebauer R. Gerstmann U. Gougoussis C. Kokalj A. Lazzeri M. Martin-Samos L. Marzari N. Mauri F. Mazzarello R. Paolini S. Pasquarello A. Paulatto L. Sbraccia C. Scandolo S. Sclauzero G. Seitsonen A. P. Smogunov A. Umari P. Wentzcovitch R. M., “QUANTUM ESPRESSO: a modular and open-source software project for quantum simulations of materials“, J Phys :Condens Matter., 2009 21:39550
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[23] Hammer B. and Nørskov J. K., “Electronic factors determining the reactivity of metal surfaces”, Surf Sci., 1995, 343:211.
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[24] Hammer B. Morikawa Y. and Norskov J. K., “CO chemisorption at metal surfaces and overlayers”, Phys Rev Lett., 1996, 76:214.
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[25] Ferrin P. Kandoia S. Udaykumar Nilekara A. and Mavrikakisa M., “Hydrogen adsorption, absorption and diffusion on and in transition metal surfaces: A DFT study”, Surf Sci., 2012, 606:679.
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[26] Pang X. Y. Xue L. Q. and Wang G. C., “Adsorption of Atoms on Cu Surfaces: A Density Functional Theory Study”, Langmuir, 2007, 23:4910.
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[27] Ndollo M. Moussounda P. S. Dintzer T. and Garin F., “A Density Functional Theory Study of Methoxy and Atomic Hydrogen Chemisorption on Au(100) Surface. J Mod Phys, 2013, 4:409.
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28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Dynamic investigation of hydrocarbon proton exchange membrane Fuel Cell
Sulfonated polyether ether ketone (SPEEK) is categorized in a nonfluorinated aromatic hydrocarbon proton exchange membrane (PEM) group and considered as a suitable substitute for common per-fluorinated membranes, such as Nafion, due to wider operating temperature, less feed gas crossover, and lower cost. Since modeling results in a better understanding of a phenomenon, in this study a dynamic one-dimensional model of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) of this membrane is developed. The model includes both gas and electrolyte phases. Species transfer by diffusion and convection in an intra-phase and interphases space and participate in electrochemical reactions. The catalyst layers are modeled in detail with catalyst agglomerates covered with a layer of electrolyte and feed gas transfers into the electrolyte phase by Henry’s low. Then the gas diffuses to the catalyst surface on which it reacts electrochemically. The polarization curve of this MEA obtained from the model is validated against experimental data and shows acceptable agreement. Concentration profiles in the MEA both in the gas and electrolyte phase with time are also presented as results.
https://hfe.irost.ir/article_584_97806cb9db2e6d8fca79241b98d16e10.pdf
2018-01-02
219
230
10.22104/ijhfc.2017.2439.1154
Hydrocarbon proton exchange membrane
fuel cell
SPEEK
Modeling
Dynamic
Milad
Shakouri Kalfati
m.shakouri71@gmail.com
1
School of Chemical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran
AUTHOR
Aida
Karimi
aida.karimi@gmail.com
2
School of Chemical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran
AUTHOR
Soosan
Rowshanzamir
rowshanzamir@iust.ac.ir
3
Green Research Center (GRC) & School of Chemical Engineering (SChE); Iran University of Science & Technology, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
[1] Ohira A. and Kuroda S., "Differences in the oxygen permeation behavior of perfluorinated and hydrocarbon-type polymer electrolyte membranes at elevated temperatures," Eur. Polym. J., 2015, 67: 78
1
[2] Dai H., Guan R., Li C., and Liu J., "Development and characterization of sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) for proton exchange membrane materials," Solid State Ionics, 2007, 178: 339
2
[3] Kim Y. S., Einsla B., Sankir M., Harrison W., and Pivovar B. S., "Structure–property–performance relationships of sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone)s as a polymer electrolyte for fuel cell applications," Polymer, 2006, 47: 4026
3
[4] Matsumoto K., Higashihara T., and Ueda M., "Locally and Densely Sulfonated Poly(ether sulfone)s as Proton Exchange Membrane," Macromolecules, 2009, 42: 1161
4
[5] Bae B. et al., "Sulfonated Poly(arylene ether sulfone ketone) Multiblock Copolymers with Highly Sulfonated Blocks. Long-Term Fuel Cell Operation and Post-Test Analyses," ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2011, 3: 2786
5
[6] Bae B., Miyatake K., and Watanabe M., "Sulfonated Poly(arylene ether sulfone ketone) Multiblock Copolymers with Highly Sulfonated Block. Synthesis and Properties," Macromolecules, 2010, 43: 2684
6
[7] Parcero E., Herrera R., and Nunes S. P., "Phosphonated and sulfonated polyhphenylsulfone membranes for fuel cell application," Journal of Membrane Science, 2006, 285: 206
7
[8] Karlsson L. E. and Jannasch P., "Polysulfone ionomers for proton-conducting fuel cell membranes: 2. Sulfophenylated polysulfones and polyphenylsulfones," Electrochimica Acta, 2005, 50: 1939
8
[9] Aoki M., Asano N., Miyatake K., Uchida H., and Watanabe M., "Durability of sulfonated polyimide membrane evaluated by long-term polymer electrolyte fuel cell operation," J. Electrochem. Soc., 2006, 153: A1154
9
[10] Perrot C., Gonon L., Marestin C., and Gebel G., "Hydrolytic degradation of sulfonated polyimide membranes for fuel cells," Journal of Membrane Science, 2011, 379: 207
10
[11] Pu H. and Liu Q., "Methanol permeability and proton conductivity of polybenzimidazole and sulfonated polybenzimidazole," Polym. Int., 2004, 53: 1512
11
[12] Xu H., Chen K., Guo X., Fang J., and Yin J., "Synthesis of novel sulfonated polybenzimidazole and preparation of cross-linked membranes for fuel cell application," Polymer, 2007, 48: 5556
12
[13] Huang R. Y. M., Shao P., Burns C. M., and Feng X., "Sulfonation of poly(ether ether ketone)(PEEK): Kinetic study and characterization," J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2001, 82: 2651
13
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Facile Synthesis of N, S-Doped Graphene from Sulfur Trioxide Pyridine Precursor for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
In the work presented here, nitrogen and sulfur co doped on porous graphene was synthesized using pyrolysis at 900°C for 2h and the hydrothermal technique at 180°C for 24h as metal-free electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) under alkaline conditions. All the materials have been characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS). Moreover for electrochemical evaluation of samples, Rotating Disk electrode (RDE) and Cyclic Voltammetry techniques (CV) were employed. The results showed that co-doping of S and N into porous graphene significantly enhance the ORR performance. Moreover, it is revealed that the catalyst prepared by the pyrolysis method shows outstanding catalytic activity for the ORR for which the number of electron in the pyrolysis method was calculated to be 4.1; whereas it became 2.6 in the hydrothermal approach. So regarding the obtained results, it can be stated that the samples prepared through the pyrolysis method exhibits excellent resistance towards methanol crossover effects, indicating their promising potential as ORR electrocatalysts for alkaline fuel cells.
https://hfe.irost.ir/article_614_b0d2680c8ee0af622400b32b4ea23f93.pdf
2018-02-12
231
240
10.22104/ijhfc.2018.2685.1162
Co-doped graphene
Metal-free catalyst
Oxygen reduction reaction
leila
samiee
samieel@ripi.ir
1
Energy Technology Research Division, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), West Blvd. Azadi Sport Complex,
P.O. Box 14665-137, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
sedigheh
sadeghhassani
sadeghs@ripi.ir
2
Catalysis Research Division, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Reza
Ganjali
ganjali@gmail.com
3
Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Alimorad
Rashidi
rashidiam@ripi.ir
4
Nanotechnology Research Center, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
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